In the present study, a process of separating high-quality TiO2 from an oxalic-acid leachate of vanadium slag was proposed. It consists of two steps; oxalic acid was firstly recovered from the leachate by the cooling-crystallization method, and subsequently TiO2 was separated from the oxalic-acid recovered leachate by the hydrothermal precipitation method. The experimental results indicate that oxalic acid can be recovered from the leachate by cooling crystallization at 5 °C, and after the recovery of oxalic acid, the purity of final TiO2 product can also be improved. For example, when the leachate was cooled directly at 5 °C for 5 h, about 7% of oxalic acid was recovered, and the purity of final TiO2 product improved from 95.7% to 96.6%. Furthermore, it was found that when some HCl solution was added to the leachate, both the recovery percentage of oxalic acid and the purity of TiO2 product increased. For instance, when 15 vol% of HCl solution relative to pregnant leachate was added, about 35% oxalic acid was recovered by cooling crystallization at 5 °C for 3 h, and the anatase TiO2 product with a purity of 99.2% was obtained by hydrothermal precipitation at 140 °C for 2.5 h.
After decades of development of the vanadium titanomagnetite (VTM) ore in the Panzhihua district changes have taken place to the ore characteristics. In addition, preliminary research carried out in this area mainly focused on the separation and extraction of iron resources and lacked a systematic research focus on the process mineralogy of ilmenite, resulting in a low grade and yield of the separated ilmenite. Therefore, the present study investigates the compositions, textures, element distributions, and particle size characteristics of VTM ores in Panzhihua were studied via mineral dissociation analysis (MLA), electron microscope–microprobe analysis (EPMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the chemical and mineral compositions of the VTM ore samples were basically stable. However, the size of the embedded particles of ilmenite and titanomagnetite was smaller than that reported previously. In addition, the olivine content was found to have significantly increased, and a large number of altered minerals (such as chlorite and sphene) were also present, as a result of which the degrees of monomer dissociation of ilmenite and titanomagnetite reached 85% when the fraction of particles with size in the range of 0.04–0.15 mm was 75%.
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