Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a temporary form of diabetes during pregnancy, which influences the health of maternal-child in clinical practice. It is still urgent to develop new effective treatment for GDM. Naringenin is a bioactive ingredient with multiple activities including anti-diabetic. In current study, the effects of naringenin on GDM symptoms, insulin tolerance, inflammation, and productive outcomes were evaluated and the underlying mechanisms were explored. Methods We administrated naringenin to GDM mice and monitored the GDM symptoms, glucose and insulin tolerance, inflammation and productive outcomes. We established tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced insulin resistance skeletal muscle cell model and evaluated the effects of naringenin on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glucose uptake and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) membrane translocation. Results We found that naringenin ameliorated GDM symptoms, improved glucose and insulin tolerance, inhibited inflammation, and improved productive outcomes. It was further found that naringenin inhibited TNF-α-induced ROS production, enhanced GLUT4 membrane translocation, and glucose uptake, which were abolished by inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Conclusion Naringenin improves insulin sensitivity in gestational diabetes mellitus mice in an AMPK-dependent manner.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) for the diagnosis of postpartum abnormal glucose tolerance among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsAfter a systematic review of related studies, the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and other measures about the accuracy of HbA1c in the diagnosis of postpartum abnormal glucose tolerance were pooled using random-effects models. The summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was used to summarize the overall test performance.ResultsSix studies met our inclusion criteria. The pooled results on SEN, SPE, PLR, NLR, and DOR were 0.36 (95% CI 0.23–0.52), 0.85 (95% CI 0.73–0.92), 2.4 (95% CI 1.6–3.6), 0.75 (95% CI 0.63–0.88) and 3 (95% CI 2–5). The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was 0.67 with a Q value of 0.63.ConclusionsMeasurement of HbA1c alone is not a sensitive test to detect abnormal glucose tolerance in women with prior GDM.

Background: Liraglutide has been shown to improve glucose tolerance and lose weight in individuals with type 2 diabetes. To date, no meta-analysis of liraglutide’s safety and efficacy in individuals without diabetes has been conducted.Objectives: The aim of this study is to carry out a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of liraglutide in the obese, non-diabetic individuals.Methods: A literature review was performed to identify all published randomised control trials (RCT) of liraglutide for the treatment of obesity in non-diabetic individuals. The search included the following databases: EMBASE, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register.Results: We included five publications involving a total of 4,754 patients that compared liraglutide with placebo and found that liraglutide to be an effective and safe treatment for weight loss in individuals without diabetes. Primary efficacy end points: mean weight loss (MD = -5.52, 95% CI = -5.93 to -5.11, p<0.00001); lost more than 5% of body weight (OR = 5.46, 95% CI=3.57 to 8.34, p<0.00001) and key secondary efficacy end points: SBP decreased (the MD = -2.56, 95% CI = -3.28 to -1.84, p<0.00001). Safety assessments included the proportion of individuals who were withdrawn due to AE (OR = 2.85, 95% CI= 0.84 to 9.62, p=0.009), and nausea indicated that liraglutide was well tolerated. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that liraglutide to be an effective and safe treatment for weight loss in the obese, non-diabetic individuals.Keywords: liraglutide, weight loss, meta-analysis.

The purpose of the study was to examine how behavioural inhibition was associated with shyness and social competence and how maternal parenting moderated the associations in urban Chinese children. Participants were 2-year-old toddlers (N = 286, 143 boys and 143 girls) and their mothers in P. R. China. Data on behavioural inhibition were collected from laboratory observations. Mothers completed measures of parenting and child shyness and competence. It was found that behavioural inhibition was positively associated with shyness and negatively associated with social competence for children with low maternal support, but not for children with high maternal support, suggesting that maternal support might serve as a protective factor that buffered against the maladaptive development of inhibited children. The results indicate the functional meaning of early childhood inhibition and the role of parenting in today's urban China.

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This study examined, in a sample of Chinese children, the relations between early childhood delay behavior and later socioemotional and school adjustment. Observational data on delay behavior based on two delay tasks were collected when the children were two years old. Follow-up data on social competence, distinguished studentship, learning problems, perceived self-worth, loneliness, and depression were collected in the sample ( N = 175) from multiple sources, including teacher and mother ratings, self-reports, and school records at 11 years of age (fifth grade). It was found that delay behavior was positively associated with later social and school competence. Moreover, delay behavior negatively predicted later learning and emotional problems. Children's social competence mediated the relations between delay behavior and school and psychological adjustment. The results indicate that the ability to control one's own behavior plays a comprehensive role in socioemotional and academic development in Chinese children.

This study examined how interactions with familiar and unfamiliar peers were associated with social, school, and psychological adjustment in Chinese children. A sample of children ( N = 256, 104 boys and 152 girls, M age = 11 years, ranging from 9 to 13 years) engaged in free play sessions in quartets consisting of 2 pairs of familiar children. Information on the relative proportion of time spent interacting with familiar, unfamiliar, and mixed peers was obtained from videotaped observations. Data on social (e.g., leadership, victimization), school (e.g., school competence, learning problems), and psychological (e.g., perceived self-worth, depression) adjustment were collected from multiple sources including teacher ratings, self-reports, and school records. The results showed that interaction with familiar peers was positively associated with social and school competence and negatively associated with social, behavioral, and learning problems. Interaction with mixed familiar and unfamiliar peers was positively associated with indexes of psychological adjustment and negatively associated with psychological problems. In addition, interaction with unfamiliar peers was infrequent and not associated with adjustment or problems. The results indicate that social interactions with different types of peers may reflect different aspects of competence among Chinese children.

As one of the fundamental individual characteristics, behavioral inhibition in early childhood has considerable implications for the development of social, cognitive, and psychological adjustment. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and behavioral inhibition in Chinese children using a cross-sectional design. A sample of 263 2-year-old children (134 boys and 129 girls of Han ethnicity; ages ranging from 24 to 26 months) in China participated in the study. Behavioral inhibition was assessed through laboratory observations, and genomic DNA was collected with buccal swabs. The results of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated that the homozygous short 5-HTTLPR allele was associated with lower levels of behavioral inhibition, which was different from most of the findings based on individuals in Western countries. The results suggest that social and cultural factors may be involved in shaping links between the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and children's specific behaviors.