Background: Yanghe Huayan Decoction (YHD), a traditional Chinese medicine, is one of the most common complementary medicine currently used in the treatment of breast cancer (BC). It has been recently linked to suppress precancerous lesion and tumor development. The current study sought to explore the role of YHD on trans-endothelium and angiogenesis of BC. Methods: HER2+ BC cells were treated with YHD, Trastuzumab, or the combination in vitro and in vivo to compare the effects of them on trans-endothelium and angiogenesis features. The present study also investigated the potential molecular mechanism of YHD in inhibiting angiogenesis of BC. Results: YHD significantly suppressed the invasion and angiogenesis of BC cells via elevated pAkt signaling. Administration of YHD in vivo also strikingly repressed angiogenesis in tumor grafts. Conclusion: YHD could partially inhibit and reverse tumorigenesis of BC. It also could inhibit Akt activation and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Its effect was superior to trastuzumab. Thus it was suitable for prevention and treatment of BC.
Background Mitochondria play critical roles in cellular physiological activity as cellular organelles. Under extracellular stimulation, mitochondria undergo constant fusion and fission to meet different cellular demands. Mitochondrial dynamics, which are involved in mitochondrial fusion and fission, are regulated by specialized proteins and lipids, and their dysregulation causes human diseases, such as cancer. The advanced literature about the crucial role of mitochondrial dynamics in breast cancer is performed. Methods All related studies were systematically searched through online databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE) using keywords (e.g., breast cancer, mitochondrial, fission, and fusion), and these studies were then screened through the preset inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Eligible studies (n = 19) were evaluated and discussed in the systematic review. These advanced studies established the roles of mitochondrial fission and fusion of breast cancer in the metabolism, proliferation, survival, and metastasis. Importantly, the manipulating of mitochondrial dynamic is significant for the progresses of breast cancer. Conclusion Understanding the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial fission and fusion during tumorigenesis is important for improving breast cancer treatments.
Background: With the development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), comprehensive traditional Chinese therapy is often used to treat Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis (GLM), but the effectiveness and risk are still controversial. This study is aimed to evaluate the efficacy of comprehensive therapy of traditional Chinese medicine on GLM.Methods: Articles in both international databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Clinicaltrials.gov) and Chinese databases (Chinese National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Databases (CBM), VIP Chinese periodical service platform and Wan Fang Digital Journals)) were searched. Original studies which reported the effective rate and/or recurrence rate and/or maximum diameter of the mass of comprehensive traditional Chinese therapy were included. The 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for effective rate, recurrence rate and maximum diameter of the mass were calculated and analyzed by review manager 5.3.Results: Eight eligible trials with 309 cases and 265 controls were included, six in Chinese and two in English. Statistical analysis suggested a statistical difference in effective rate (RR = 0.86, 95% CI [0.74, 1.00], P = 0.047) between comprehensive traditional Chinese therapy group and control. Meanwhile, there was statistical difference found in recurrence rate between comprehensive traditional Chinese therapy and western medicine therapy (RR = 3.09, 95% CI [1.50, 6.40], P = 0.002). Besides, no statistical difference existed in maximum diameter of the mass between the two therapies (RR = -5.25, 95% CI [-125.42, 114.93], P = 0.93).Conclusion: Although there was no significant difference in the reduction of breast mass size between comprehensive traditional Chinese therapy and western medicine alone, comprehensive traditional Chinese therapy demonstrated the efficacy in improving the effective rate and reducing the recurrence rate. For GLM patients, comprehensive traditional Chinese therapy could be a potential option.
Background Due to the small number of cases and few literature reports, the clinical treatment and prognosis of lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast are not summarized, which will lead to misdiagnosis and mistreatment and delay the patient’s condition. This study collected published case reports and analyzed the clinical characteristics of lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast in order to provide reference for early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Methods We performed a search using the PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases for publicly published case reports of lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast and obtained basic information of the patients such as country, age, sex, onset site, surgical method, pathology, postoperative treatment, follow-up time, and outcome (Table 9). The data were analyzed using Statistical Product Service Solutions (SPSS). Results The mean age of the patients at diagnosis was 52.79 years and the median age was 53 years. Breast masses were the main clinical manifestations, with the upper outer quadrant (53.42%) being the most common. The treatment for lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast is mainly surgery plus postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. According to the results of this study, the surgical method recommended modified radical mastectomy (46.59%). Lymph node metastasis was found in 50.60% of the patients at the time of the first diagnosis. Patients who received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy had the highest disease-free survival and overall survival. Conclusion Lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast has a short course of disease and early lymphatic or blood metastasis, and its prognosis is poor. In this study, we summarize the clinical and pathological characteristics to provide ideas for the early diagnosis and treatment of lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast.
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progresses at a rapid pace. Chemotherapy is a major clinical application. However, resistance and metastases are key barriers to chemotherapy. Xiaojin pills (XJP) have been used clinically for treating TNBC for decades. However, the potential molecular mechanisms of the effect of XJP on breast cancer is still not understood.Methods: The cell viability was analyzed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis, and the migration and invasion abilities of TNBC were assessed using Transwell assay. For molecular mechanisms, the protein expression levels were determined by Western blot analysis. The expression of β-catenin in the Wnt/β-serial protein (β-catenin) pathway was detected with immunofluorescence (IF).Results: XJP inhibited the viability and proliferation of the TNBC cell line in vitro. Flow cytometry analysis showed that apoptosis increased in both MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells induced by XJP. The expression of the proteins associated with invasion, for example, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and MMP9, was reduced. Among epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers, E-cadherin was upregulated and N-cadherin was downregulated. The apoptosis-related proteins caspase-8, caspase-3, caspase-9, and Parp were all upregulated. Additionally, XJP effectively suppressed the expression of β-catenin, which belonged to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Conclusions: These results suggested that XJP suppressed the progression of TNBC cells by suppressing apoptosis, invasion, EMT, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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