The traditional bionic upper limb structure design is limited by the motion pair and cannot guarantee the flexibility of the mechanical structure. The tensegrity structure has the characteristics of high deformability, strong self-adaptability, and resistance to multi-directional impact. According to the biological characteristics of the upper limbs of the human body, an anatomical study is performed on the upper limb wrist joints that achieve adduction/abduction, flexion/extension, to obtain the relationship between the movements of the related bones and muscles, and to simplify the shape and structure of the wrist. Equivalent mapping of a mechanical model based on two-bar tensile properties. Through the contraction and stretching of the spring, the movement characteristics of the human muscles are realised, and the optimised bionic upper limb wrist tensioning robot without motion pair is further obtained. Adams simulation is used to verify that the bionic tensile wrist can simulate the change movement of the human wrist. The experimental platform was built and a physical prototype was made and the prototype was tested. The results show that the bionic tensile wrist can realise the adaptive motion characteristics of the human wrist well and stably, which proves the validity and feasibility of this design method. 2 Materials and method 2.1 Mechanism of human wrist movement The wrist of the human body has a special movement and action mechanism, which enables the upper limbs of the human body Biosurface and Biotribology
Degenerative disc disease (DDD) has become a significant public health issue worldwide. This can result in loss of spinal function affecting patient health and quality of life. Artificial total disc replacement (A‐TDR) is an effective approach for treating symptomatic DDD that compensates for lost functionality and helps patients perform daily activities. However, because current A‐TDR devices lack the unique structure and material characteristics of natural intervertebral discs (IVDs), they fail to replicate the multidirectional stiffness needed to match physiological motions and characterize anisotropic behavior. It is still unclear how the multidirectional stiffness of the disc is affected by structural parameters and material characteristics. Herein, a bioinspired intervertebral disc (BIVD‐L) based on a representative human lumbar segment is developed. The proposed BIVD‐L reproduces the multidirectional stiffness needed for the most common physiological kinematic behaviors. The results demonstrate that the multidirectional stiffness of the BIVD‐L can be regulated by structural and material parameters. The results of this research deepen knowledge of the biomechanical behavior of the human lumbar disc and may provide new inspirations for the design and fabrication of A‐TDR devices for both engineering and functional applications.
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