Summary
The extended black‐start strategy is new exploration for black‐start restoration of power systems, in which more than one non–black‐start unit can be restored simultaneously during the black‐start stage. This paper presents a multiobjective optimization method coordinating unit restarting with load restoration for extended black‐start decision making. The objective functions of the black‐start restoration optimization are defined as restoring non–black‐start units and unserved loads as much as possible under steady‐state and transient system operation constraints. A hybrid algorithm combining the lexicographic method with the improved bacterial foraging algorithm is used to solve the defined optimization model. The proposed method has been tested on the IEEE 118‐bus system and the southern Hebei power system of China, and the test results verify the effectiveness of the proposed decision‐making method.
Power system restoration after a major blackout is a complex process, in which selection of energising paths is a key issue to realize unit and load restoration safely and efficiently. In general, the energising path scheme made beforehand may not be executed successfully due to the possible faults on the related lines under the extreme system condition, so it is necessary to provide alternative path schemes for system restoration. In view of this, the energising path optimisation based on the minimum cost flow model is investigated, then an iterative searching method for alternative path schemes based on mixed integer linear programming is proposed. The iterative method for alternative path schemes could determine more than one scheme with minimal charging reactive power efficiently. In order to make a comprehensive evaluation of the alternative schemes, an evaluation index set is established, and the method based on similarity to ideal grey relational projection is introduced to achieve the final evaluation. The New England 10-unit 39-bus system and the southern Hebei power system of China are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method can provide more efficient and comprehensive decision support for the dispatchers to select reasonable energising paths.
Abstract. With the growing energy crisis, environmental protection becomes more and more important. People put more eyes on research and application of renewable energies. Among them, solar energy has being paid attention and has been affirmed by the whole world for its abundant amount, clean and less noise. However, low utilization rate has been one of the biggest problems plaguing scientists. Maximum Intensity Tracking and MPPT has far-reaching significance in improving power generation efficiency, lowing costs. Solar cells are key components of solar photovoltaic energy conversion technologies .Using the above two methods can effectively improve the utilization of solar cells , taking full advantage of it has great practical significance on many occasions.
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