SummaryGenetic studies have identified a number of components of signal transduction pathways leading to plant disease resistance and the accompanying hypersensitive response (HR) following detection of pathogens by plant resistance (R) genes. In Arabidopsis, the majority of R proteins so far characterized belong to a plant superfamily that have a central nucleotide-binding site and C-terminal leucine-rich-repeats (NB-LRRs). Another much less prevalent class comprises RPW8.1 and RPW8.2, two related proteins that possess a putative N-terminal transmembrane domain and a coiled-coil motif, and confer broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew. Here we investigated whether RPW8.1 and RPW8.2 engage known pathway(s) for defence signalling. We show that RPW8.1 and RPW8.2 recruit, in addition to salicylic acid and EDS1, the other NB-LRR genesignalling components PAD4, EDS5, NPR1 and SGT1b for activation of powdery mildew resistance and HR. In contrast, NDR1, RAR1 and PBS3 that are required for function of certain NB-LRR R genes, and COI1 and EIN2 that operate, respectively, in the jasmonic acid and ethylene signalling pathways, do not contribute to RPW8.1 and RPW8.2-mediated resistance. We further demonstrate that EDR1, a gene encoding a conserved MAPKK kinase, exerts negative regulation on HR cell death and powdery mildew resistance by limiting the transcriptional amplification of RPW8.1 and RPW8.2. Our results suggest that RPW8.1 and RPW8.2 stimulate a conserved basal defence pathway that is negatively regulated by EDR1.

Piezoceramic induced Lamb waves are often used for imaging based damage detection, especially for plate like structures. The dispersion effect of the Lamb waves deteriorates the performance of most of imaging methods, since the waveform of the dispersion signals will spread out. In this paper, an imaging method which can compensate the dispersion is developed. In the proposed method, the phase induced by the propagation distance is compensated firstly. After that, the phase deviation generated by the dispersion effect is compensated. Via the two compensations, the proposed method can derive an accurate location of the target with a clean imaging map. An experiment using a plate like structure with four piezoceramic transducer was conducted. In the experiment, the four piezoceramic sensors were used to obtain the signals of the scatterer that simulated the damage on an aluminum plate. The experimental results show that since the dispersion effect is compensated, the target’s image based on the proposed method is about 10 cm × 14 cm, which is about a quarter of that of using the back-projection imaging method.

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Green redevelopment (GR) is a promising strategy to deal with industrial brownfields, this sustainable initiation usually fails to be implemented practically in China. Thus, investigating the driving mechanism of developer’s GR behavior, as executors of renovation project, is quite essential. The study introduced formative constructs perceived risk (PR) and perceived cost (PC), integrated them with theory of planned behavior (TPB), and extended them by adding two altruistic motives, awareness of responsibility (AR) and awareness of consequence (AC), as moderation variables to explore the bridging role of altruistic motives in GR’s intention–behavior gap. Based on 156 developers-oriented field surveys, the study conducted data analysis through partial least square structural equation modeling. It interestingly showed that subjective norm could primarily affect developers’ GR behavior, while perceived behavior control is not a significant influencing factor. Meanwhile, adding PR and PC as the additional constructs significantly increased the explanatory power of standard TPB model. Furthermore, the conclusion confirmed altruistic motives AR can distinctly adjust the relationship between GR intention and behavior, whereas AC has no such effect. These findings provide a scientific theoretical basis and a targeted path reference for promoting GR of industrial brownfields.

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