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This work will change the common understanding that C doping of MIL‐125(Ti)‐derived TiO2 is a key factor in improving its photocatalytic performance, and it can also help to understand the internal relationship between the structure and performance of photocatalytic materials deeply. It provides a simple synthesis method for the wider application of TiO2 in the field of photocatalysis. Compared with previous studies, this article uses the titanium‐based metal‐organic framework MIL‐125(Ti) to prepare the semiconductor photocatalyst M‐TiO2 by calcination in the air at a lower temperature and shorter time. After analyzing the M‐TiO2 prepared in the experiment, the results can be received that there is no obvious agglomeration and the morphology is almost unchanged, as the frame structure does not collapse at the same time. As a result, the advantages of the large specific surface area and porousness of metal–organic frameworks (MOF) as precursor derivatives are preserved. As for the changes in the micro‐morphology, pore structure, and specific surface area of M‐TiO2 compared with the precursor, they are investigated seriatim. The results show that, compared with commercial TiO2‐P25, the performance of M‐TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride is 5.7 times that of the precursor metal‐organic framework MIL‐125(Ti) and 2.2 times that of P25, and has good cycle stability.

Comprehensive Summary Recently, artificial and semi‐artificial photosynthesis have attracted extensive attentions in addressing the crisis of energy from fossil fuels and reducing excessive CO2 emission. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been considered as ideal platforms for constructing artificial photosynthesis systems due to their unique properties like large specific surface area, high porosity and diverse framework topology, and tunable functionalities. This review discussed the characteristics, superiorities and challenges of MOF‐based photocatalysts, and detailed summarization of several common design strategies for MOF‐based artificial systems, including i) enhancement of light absorption, ii) acceleration of the charge separation and transfer, and iii) introduction of additional active units. Particularly, we give examples showing the applications of MOF‐based photocatalysts, where the mechanisms of superior photocatalytic activity and selectivity are also analyzed, thereby providing theoretical guidance for rational design of MOF‐based photocatalysts. Finally, the challenges and future research directions of MOF‐based photocatalysts are prospected.

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