Recording electrophysiological information such as brain neural signals is of great importance in health monitoring and disease diagnosis. However, foreign body response and performance loss over time are major challenges stemming from the chemomechanical mismatch between sensors and tissues. Herein, microgels are utilized as large crosslinking centers in hydrogel networks to modulate the tradeoff between modulus and fatigue resistance/stretchability for producing hydrogels that closely match chemomechanical properties of neural tissues. The hydrogels exhibit notably different characteristics compared to nanoparticles reinforced hydrogels. The hydrogels exhibit relatively low modulus, good stretchability, and outstanding fatigue resistance. It is demonstrated that the hydrogels are well suited for fashioning into wearable and implantable sensors that can obtain physiological pressure signals, record the local field potentials in rat brains, and transmit signals through the injured peripheral nerves of rats. The hydrogels exhibit good chemomechanical match to tissues, negligible foreign body response, and minimal signal attenuation over an extended time, and as such is successfully demonstrated for use as long-term implantable sensory devices. This work facilitates a deeper understanding of biohybrid interfaces, while also advancing the technical design concepts for implantable neural probes that efficiently obtain physiological information.

Flexible and wearable biosensors have received tremendous attention over the past decade owing to their great potential applications in the field of health and medicine. Wearable biosensors serve as an ideal platform for real-time and continuous health monitoring, which exhibit unique properties such as self-powered, lightweight, low cost, high flexibility, detection convenience, and great conformability. This review introduces the recent research progress in wearable biosensors. First of all, the biological fluids often detected by wearable biosensors are proposed. Then, the existing micro-nanofabrication technologies and basic characteristics of wearable biosensors are summarized. Then, their application manners and information processing are also highlighted in the paper. Massive cutting-edge research examples are introduced such as wearable physiological pressure sensors, wearable sweat sensors, and wearable self-powered biosensors. As a significant content, the detection mechanism of these sensors was detailed with examples to help readers understand this area. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives are proposed to push this research area forward and expand practical applications in the future.

With the advancement of society and people’s knowledge of oral health, the prevention of oral illnesses such as dental caries, periodontal disease, oral cancer, oral mucosal disease, salivary gland disease, and so on has become the primary focus of current health status and treatment. Although treatment for these diseases has focused on removing lesions or inhibiting progression, early detection has always been the focus of clinical research. And the non-invasive diagnosis is now the primary goal of clinical diagnosis. Meanwhile, the electrochemical approach can satisfy this need while also achieving a speedy and reliable diagnosis, giving patients a more comfortable option. And noninvasive detection of specific diseases can be achieved by detecting markers carried in body fluids. Therefore, in the context of disease, pathophysiological progress and electrochemical-assisted diagnosis form a close relationship, providing a basis for the detection of oral disease related indicators. As a result, this review comprehensively summarizes the detection and diagnosis of common oral diseases using electrochemical sensing technology and provides important insights for the development of electrochemical biosensors for the early detection of common oral diseases.

It is well understood that maintaining viable pulp is critical for tooth retention. This review focused on cell‐free therapy based on extracellular vesicles (EVs), a novel minimally invasive treatment strategy for endodontic restoration. This study was conducted by searching mainstream electronic databases such as Web of Science and PubMed for relevant studies on the therapeutic role of odontogenic EVs in pulp healing published in the last five years. We selected 89 relevant articles and discovered that dental stem cells (DSCs) derived EVs (DSC‐EVs) have become a research hotspot in oral regenerative medicine, with significant advantages over cell transplantation in terms of low immunogenicity, ease of isolation, preservation, and management. Here, we introduce in detail the therapeutic effects of DSC‐EVs for pulp restoration from three perspectives: excellent odontogenic properties, clinical applications, and possible molecular mechanisms. This article contributes a new viewpoint to the field of regenerative endodontics.