The 3D finite element method modeling based on MSC.MARC software was studied and a non-linear FEM model was developed. The non-linear mechanical properties of elastomers were described by the Mooney—Rivlin model. The rebar model was employed to simulate complex multilayer rubber—cord composites and directly define the cord directions varying with their positions. The radial tire model was established based on consideration of the geometric non-linearity due to large deformation, the material’s non-linearities of cord—rubber composites, the non-linear boundary conditions from tire—rim contact and tire—road contact. The steady-rolling performance of 195/60R14 radial tire was analyzed numerically. Under free-rolling state, centrifugal force had a certain effect on the contact performance of the radial tire. Under load rating, the stiffness of tire increased with the increase of the rotary speed. Under braking state, high stress region moves to the direction contrary to the running direction. The high stress region moves to the running direction under driving state. Compared with braking condition, the level of normal stress and friction stress in the contact region was higher under the driving conditions. Cord equivalent stress of the tire belt was larger near the tire shoulder, and smaller in the center of contact zone. Cord equivalent stress increased sharply with the rotary speed. Meanwhile, the maximum cord equivalent stress was higher under the driving state. The gradient of strain energy density near the belt end was larger. The strain energy density of the tire shoulder was the largest.
Finite element modeling techniques of a rolling radial tire are discussed in this study. The rebar model is employed to simulate complex multilayer rubber-cord composites and to directly define the cord directions varying with their positions. A 3D finite element model of a rolling radial tire has been built with MSC.MARC software according to the actual construction of a 195/60R14 radial tire. This model considers the geometric nonlinearity due to large deformation, material nonlinearities of cord-rubber composites, and the nonlinear boundary conditions from tire-rim contact and tire-road contact. Based on the nonlinear finite element model, the influence of the belt cord angle on the radial tire under different rolling states is studied numerically. The shear strain of the radial tire concentrates on the edge of the belted layer, the surface of the shoulder, and the tread groove. The strain energy density of the belt end decreases with the increase of the belt cord angle. The optimum belt cord angle of the 195/60R14 radial tire is AE72 .
If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. AbstractIn recent years, rapid prototyping (RP) and rapid tooling (RT) technologies have been implemented in many aspects of industry, especially in the area of new product development. Based on RP and RT technologies, the paper proposes a rapid design and manufacturing system of the product. There are two ways to develop a new product in this system. One is beginning with a design concept, and another is from a sample as a reference. The reverse engineering technology, transmission processing software or modules of the input data, structure analysis and optimization means and manufacturing process analysis tools were integrated in the system. Some examples show that the integrated system not only can reduce the number of design iterations but also improve the efficiency and reliability of the product design.
A three-dimensional non-linear FEA model of radial tire was established. The rebar model was employed to simulate complex multilayer cord-rubber composites and directly define the cord directions varying with their positions. Meanwhile, the geometric non-linearity due to large deformation, material non-linearity, and the non-linear boundary conditions from tire—pavement static camber contact were considered. The static camber performance of the radial tire was studied. Relationships among load and the tire deflection, the tire deformation, contact stress distribution, contact friction force distribution, side force, and deflection were discussed. A set of special testing equipment was designed to realize quasi-static loading with continuous loading and unloading. Then the static camber performance of the radial tire was tested. The contact pressure distribution and the shape of contact area in different camber states of the tire were measured by pre-scale films. The simulation result was in good agreement with the test result.
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