The paper aims to provide sustainable use and conservation insight into tropical aquatic resources with a special emphasis on inland water ecosystems in Indonesia, such as lakes and rivers. The talks focuses on certain use of resources in these ecosystems by humans. The inland water ecosystem should be properly managed to protect and maintain its biodiversity and sustainability through wise use of the aquatic resources with several ecological approaches. The richness in inland water resources does not lead Indonesia to freedom from water crises, and social and environmental problems. Degraded inland water ecosystem with much reduced carrying capacities, trapping people in conflicts of ecosystem use. The challenge of simplifying the adoption of conservation and sustainable use approaches to promote the implementation of practices in Indonesia remains.
The process of fish migration is one of the most important biological aspects of the life of certain fish species, including fish species that live in freshwaters. In Indonesia’s freshwaters, several types of fish migrate to fulfill parts of their life cycle, such as Anguilla spp., Tor spp., and Rasbora spp., which have economic and ecological values. Fish habitats and migration routes can be affected by many cause changes, including dam constructions, other infrastructure constructions, drainage of wetlands, and floodplain disconnection. Other threats to migratory freshwater fish are overfishing and pollution. In Indonesia, most migratory freshwater fish threats were obstructions to free-flowing rivers, such as dams, and the exploitation of adult fish that migrate for spawning. Some management approaches should conserve and sustain the use of migratory freshwater fish.
Poso Watershed is a potential area for tropical eel fish resources, the disturbance of the ecosystem balance in the form of damage to the catchment area will affect the existence of eel fish. This study aimed to determine the trophic status of the Poso watershed. Observations were conducted in March 2021 in six zones of the basin, namely Kodina River (1 site), Lake Poso (2 sites), Poso outlets (3 sites), Poso River (2 sites), and Poso river estuaries (4 sites). The observed parameters were water quality (physics and chemistry) and biology (phytoplankton composition and abundance). In general, the conditions of the Poso Watershed are still good, temperatures range from 24.26 ° C-29.24 ° C, pH shows that these waters are alkaline (9.15-10.21), and dissolved oxygen (DO) indicates dissolved oxygen quite high (7,13-7,93 mg/L). The values of chlorophyll-a, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) showed low. The value of turbidity and total suspended solids is higher at the mouth of the Poso River (MP1-MP4) compared to other stations. The abundance of phytoplankton is low (9-848 individuals/liter), and the species with high abundance is Staurastrum sp. (Chlorophyceae). Hence, this study shows the Poso Watershed, including oligotrophic to eutrophic waters.
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