Within the scope of the conducted experiment the authors analysed the efficiency of runoff reduction by the system of extensive type green roofs. The observations were based on storm events in the area of Lower Silesia at the Agro and Hydrometeorology Station Wrocław-Swojec. The authors analysed the thickness of plant substrate, and also estimated the quality of runoff waters under the conditions of periodic atmospheric deposition. Also considered were such indicators as electrolytic conductivity, N, NO3−, NO2−, NH4+, P, PO43−. The experiment included roof substrates designed in two variants, with known hydraulic and physical properties of the soil material. The analysis was performed for models with vegetation layer based on pumice and zelolite, covered with five plant species from the sedum family. The modelling of the hydraulic properties was conducted with variably saturated medium, using the Hydrus 1D software. The performance of systems with primary layer thickness of 11 cm and 9, 8, 7, 6 and 5 cm was estimated. The designed models reduced the average peak flows to 89%, and in addition they caused a delay in the initiation of the runoff which was dependent on the intensity and distribution of rainfalls in time, and on the initial moisture of the profiles. Simulations, performed for variable substrate thickness, permit the conclusion that in the case of thin-layer profiles (5 cm), the relative retention index was decidedly lower and amounted to 35.9% for the substrate with zeolite (originally 60.6%) and 41% for the substrate with pumice (originally 65.7%). In the case of total nitrogen and phosphates, statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in relation to specific concentrations in the rainwater and in the control surface. The total nitrogen in the runoff from the green roof was nearly twice as high as that in the rainwater and amounted to, on average, 8.3 mg L−1.
Streszczenie. Koncepcja zielonych dachów i ich znaczenie dla krajobrazu miejskiego są zgodne z zasadami zrównoważonego rozwoju i gospodarowania wodami opadowymi. Aspekty te przyczyniają się do ciągłego poszukiwania rozwiązań w zakresie technologii tych systemów. W pracy dokonano oceny zdolności retencyjnych modelu zielonego dachu typu ekstensywnego opartego na profilach warstwy wegetacyjnej przygotowanej na bazie keramzytu oraz perlitu. Badania prowadzono od IV do IX w 2012 roku na obiekcie zlokalizowanym na terenie obserwatorium Agro-i Hydrometorologii Wrocław-Swojec. Ocenie poddano efektywność retencyjną dachów. Badania modelowe wykazały, że dachy zielone retencjonowały wodę w zakresie od 22,9 do 77,8 mm, a wskaźniki retencji mieściły się w zakresie od 67 do 98% opadów atmosferycznych. Wskaźniki odpływów były stosunkowo niewielkie i wynosiły od 0,5 do 18 mm.Słowa kluczowe: dachy zielone, retencja wód deszczowych, odpływ, bilans wodny zielonego dachu WSTĘPPostępująca urbanizacja terenów powoduje wzrost objętości odpływu wód deszczowych. Zdolność systemów kanalizacyjnych do przejęcia przepływów burzowych może być niewystarczająca, co w następstwie może prowadzić do występowania powodzi i problemów z jakością odpływającej wody. Rozwiązaniem może być zastosowanie tzw. zrównoważonych systemów odwadniających, za pomocą których można zmniejszyć prędkość i objętość odpływających wód. Podkreślić należy, że podstawowym kierun-
Green architecture, including green roofs, can limit the effects of urbanization. Green roofs soften the thermal effect in urban conditions, especially considering the significant increase in the European and global population and that a significant share of the age group, mainly the elderly is exposed to diseases caused by high temperatures. We studied runoff and the quality of water from green roof systems in Lower Silesia, within the area of the Agro and Hydrometeorology Station Wrocław-Swojec, in the years 2012–2016. In the study, two systems with a vegetation layer based on light expanded clay aggregate and perlite were analyzed. The studies were based on the assessment of peak flow reduction, rainwater volume preservation and peak wave reduction. The calculated maximum retention performance indicator, relative to rainfall, for perlite surfaces was up to 65%, and in relation to the control surface up to 49%. In addition, the quality of water from runoff was estimated in the conditions of annual atmospheric deposition, taking into account such indicators as electrolytic conductivity; the content of N, NO3, NO2, NH4, P, PO4; and the content of metals, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd. The load of total nitrogen exceeded the values of concentration in rainwater and amounted to 7.17 and 13.01 mg∙L−1 for leca and perlite, respectively. In the case of the metal content, significantly higher concentrations of copper and zinc from green surfaces were observed in relation to precipitation. For surfaces with perlite, these were 320 mg∙L−1 and 241 mg∙L−1, respectively, with rainwater concentrations of 50 and 31 mg∙L−1.
Potato is a plant with high water requirements. This factor affects not only the weight of potato tubers but also their quality parameters. In order to achieve quantity and quality goal, it is helpful if we apply the principles of precision agriculture, which also contributes to sustainable management of environmental resources. Accurate identification of the water requirements of crops is the basis for determining optimal irrigation doses and dates. After their application, it is possible to assess the effectiveness of irrigation treatments and their impact on the air-water conditions in soil with a root system. The aim of the presented study was to analyse the influence of volumetric soil moisture diversity on the vegetation of early potato varieties. Two potato varieties were subject to investigation: Denar and Julinka. Pot experiments were carried out at the Department of Horticulture of Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences. Three variants were analysed: one with a low water content in the soil (pF 2.7), one with the optimal water content (pF 2.5) and one with a high water content (pF 2.2). The basis for the selection of the frequency and application rate of water doses was soil moisture measured with an SM150-Kit set. Volumetric moisture was measured with a TDR apparatus. It was found that the water requirements of both potato varieties differ and increase along with the development of the aboveground and underground parts. Moreover, it was shown that the irrigation requirements of cv. Julinka are higher than those of Denar (31.4-33.0% higher), depending on the adopted variant. The research also showed that the most effective method of potato cultivation is to maintain soil moisture at a lower level. This should be taken into account in regions where the cultivation of this species uses supplementation of the water requirements by irrigation.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.