In the article, the degree of displaying dangerous exogenetic geological processes (abrasion, landslide, erosion) of the Tsimlyansk Reservoir at the present stage of reforming its shores is assessed. A new original methodology for monitoring morphological and morphometrical characteristics of different shore types of the reservoir, using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and Agisoft Photoscan tooling is proposed. For a number of shore sections of the Tsimlyansk reservoir, assessment of consequence for stirring up abrasion activity being expressed in stepping back the edge of shore steeps and reducing land fund is carried out. In the automated information system of water bodies state monitoring, a compulsory index is monitoring of erosion dismemberment. Methods to carry out erosion processes monitoring in water protection zones (WPZ) of water bodies using software and apparatus complex, created on the base of UAVs and GIS-technologies are developed and tested, an optimal type of digital elevation models (DEM) for assessing erosion network density is determined. Based on series of photographs carried out by UAVs by the DEMs and orthophotomaps, created using Agisoft Photoscan software, the relief erosion forms are determined. Morphometrical characteristics of the relief erosion forms are also measured, the erosion network density (K) for a number of plots in the water protection zones of the Tsimlyansk Reservoir coast is determined. In the protection zone of the Tsimlyansk Reservoir, comprehensive analysis is carried out, assessment of demographic load on the coastal area of the reservoir is conducted. Territorial zoning according to the degree of demographic load is carried out and it will allow in the future to organize planning timely measures for protecting coastal zones. The results obtained in the course of work allowed to make conclusions for the sections of the reservoir water protection zone most subject to anthropogenic activity and to propose a package of measures for its reducing.
The nature and intensity of erosion processes are an important parameter for monitoring water protection area of water body. A technique, based on field and office studies, which were carried out with the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (Phantom 4 Pro and Phantom 4 Advanced), was worked out and the intensity of the manifestation of erosion processes in the water protection area of the Tsimlyansk reservoir was assessed (on the example of Dubovsky district). In our research, the comparative-geographic method was used. That allowed us very accurately to identify erosional objects on the ground, and to determine their morphological and morphometric characteristics. Cameral works processed the data obtained by using UAVs. The tools of the Agisoft Metashape Professional program and the tools of the ArcGIS program were used during the work. These programs make it possible, without labor-intensive instrumental field research, to draw up orthophotoplans for gullies and determine their areas, steepness of slopes, length and width of slopes, depth of gullies, make longitudinal and transverse profiles of gullies, measure the volume of gullies and a number of other parameters. This method gives us a complete picture of the gullying network within the water protection area. In addition, a comparison of survey materials for different periods makes it possible to identify trends in the development of individual erosional forms, as well as the entire gullying network within the water protection area as a whole.
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