Over the past two decades, 292 Florida water reclamation facilities (WRFs) have collected reclaimed water protozoa data. This paperexamines the data set, which includes more than 1,800 observations of each protozoan, including Cryptosporidium and Giardia. This study considers the occurrence of protozoa across WRFs and the potential implications for potable reuse. Quantitative microbial risk assessment was conducted for reclaimed waters from 20 WRFs to assess the necessary log reduction credit to treat water from each facility for Cryptosporidium and Giardia. These results are compared with advanced treatment trains based on either reverse osmosis or ozone with biologically active filtration.
Virginia Tech. A professor of Engineering Education her research interests are in developing and implementing programs to enhance the success of undergraduate engineering students. She is also involved in providing pre-college opportunities for middle and high school students to increase their interest and future participation in the engineering profession. Catherine Didion, Association for Women in Science Catherine Didion is a Senior Program Officer at the National Academy of Engineering (NAE). Her portfolio is the Diversity of the Engineering Workforce program with a charge to provide staff leadership to the NAE's efforts to enhance the diversity of the engineering workforce at all levels including the diversity of those being prepared to enter the future workforce. In addition to her duties at NAE, in March of 2007 Didion became the Director of the Committee on Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine. Didion is an internationally recognized leader and expert on issues of equity and gender in science and engineering. She was the editor for Women in Science Column for the Journal of College Science Teaching from 1993-2002.
P er-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of man-made chemicals used in a variety of industries and consumer products, often for their water-, oil-, and stain-resistant properties. Common PFAS uses are food packaging, nonstick surfaces in cooking pans and pots, and fire-resistant coatings for carpets or clothing, among many others. PFAS manufacturing facilities, as well as airports and military installations using firefighting foams (which contain PFAS), are significant PFAS sources in the environment. However, most human PFAS exposure is through diet, according to Sunderland et al. (2019). This means a possible nonindustrial source of PFAS in municipal wastewater is human excretion.
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