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Kasatkina, T.N.; Okhapkina, V.F. Use of Robolact and Linolac dry milk mixtures in the overall therapy of infants with acute intestinal infections. Vopr. Pitan., v. 4, p. 45 -47, 1980. 7 Kubo, M.; Odani, T.; Nakamura S. Pharmacological study on kefir -a fermented milk product in Caucasus. I. On tumor activity. Yakugaku Zsshi, v. 112, n. 7, p. 489 -495, 1992 AbstractExtracts of 13 Brazilian medicinal plants were screened for their antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeast. Of these, 10 plant extracts showed varied levels of antibacterial activity. Five of the plant extracts presented compounds with Rf values similar to the antibacterial compounds visible on bioautogram. Of these, three plants belong to the Compositae family. This may mean that the same compounds are responsible for the antibacterial activity in these plants. Anticandidal activity was detected in 9 plant extracts. The results might explain the ethnobotanical use of the studied species for the treatment of various infectious diseases.O uso de plantas medicinais especialmente na América do Sul contribui significantemente para os cuidados básicos com a saúde. Para o tratamento de infecções comuns, muitas plantas são utilizadas no Brasil na forma de extrato bruto, infusões ou emplastos, sem nenhuma evidência científica de sua eficácia. Recentemente demonstramos a atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial e do composto ativo purificado (eugenol) extraído do Ocimum gratissimum, tradicionalmente usado na medicina popular brasileira para o tratamento de várias doenças

Extratos de folhas de Piper regnellii (Miq.) C. DC. var. pallescens (C. DC.) Yunck (Piperaceae), uma planta medicinal utilizada no Brasil para tratar doenças infecciosas, foram testados para a atividade antifúngica sobre as leveduras Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis e C. tropicalis. O extrato em acetato de etila apresentou boa atividade contra C. albicans com uma CIM de 125 μg mL-1 , moderada atividade contra C. krusei e C. parapsilosis (CIM de 500 μg mL-1) e foi inativo contra C. tropicalis (CMI> 1000 μg mL-1). Com base nestes resultados, o extrato em acetato de etila foi fracionado em nove frações em cromatografia de coluna de sílica gel. As frações hexano e clorofórmio mostraram variados níveis de atividade antifúngica contra as leveduras testadas. Posterior separação da fração hexânica em cromatografia de coluna resultou nas substâncias puras eupomatenóide-6, eupomatenóide-5, eupomatenóide-3 e conocarpano. A elucidação estrutural das substâncias foi baseada em dados espectrais (RMN de 1 H e de 13 C, HSQC, HMBC, gNOE, IV e EM). O conocarpano foi a única substância isolada, com atividade contra as leveduras. As propriedades antifúngicas do extrato de P. regnellii demonstraram preliminar validação científica do uso da planta na medicina popular. Piper regnellii (Miq.) C. DC. var. pallescens (C. DC.) Yunck (Piperaceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used in Brazil to treat infectious diseases. The extracts obtained from the leaves of P. regnellii were investigated for their antifungal activities against the yeasts Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis. The EtOAc extract presented a significant activity against Candida albicans with MIC at 125 μg mL-1 , and a moderate activity against both C. krusei and C. parapsilosis with MIC at 500 μg mL-1. Candida tropicalis was not inhibited by this extract at concentrations as high as 1000 μg mL-1. Based on these findings, the EtOAc extract was fractionated by silica gel column chromatography into nine fractions. The hexane and CHCl 3 fractions showed varied levels of antifungal activity against all test yeasts. Further column chromatography separation of the hexane fraction afforded the pure compounds eupomatenoid-6, eupomatenoid-5, eupomatenoid-3 and conocarpan. The structure of the compounds was based on spectral data (1 H and 13 C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, gNOE, IR and MS). Conocarpan was the only active compound on the yeasts. The antifungal property of P. regnellii extract provides preliminary scientific validation for the traditional medicinal use of this plant.

In this work we investigated the antidiabetic and antibacterial effect of Cissus sicyoides (CS) from Brazil. Diabetic rats that received water (A group) or extracts from the aerial parts of the plant (Cs group) during four weeks were employed. After this period, serum levels of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. Glycemia was not affected by treatment with CS. However, there was an increased cholesterol and triglyceride level in Cs group. In addition, bioassay-guided fractionation of methanolic extract from aerial parts of CS was performed for isolation of antibacterial compounds. β-Sitosterol and sitosterol-β-D-glucopyranoside isolated showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 50 µg/ml and 100 µg/ml, respectively. In spite of popular belief, CS did not show antidiabetic activity. However, two compounds isolated from aerial parts of the plant (β-sitosterol and sitosterol-β-D-glucopyranoside) showed antibacterial activity.

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The aim of this study was to investigate imipenem distribution in muscle and lung interstitial fluids of rats with Acinetobacter baumannii pulmonary infection. By combining microdialysis in blood and tissues, it was possible to demonstrate that free imipenem concentrations were virtually identical in blood, muscle, and lung.Imipenem (IPM) is frequently used in intensive care units to treat nosocomial infections such as Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia (1). Because infections mainly occur in tissue extracellular fluids (ECFs), corresponding free antibiotic concentrations are responsible for the antimicrobial effect, and these can be measured by microdialysis. However most microdialysis studies designed to measure free antibiotic concentrations in tissue ECFs have been performed with muscle (2, 3, 6, 14); a few have been performed with lung tissue but only for noninfected animals (4, 9), including one study by our group with IPM (10). The aim of the present study was to investigate the lung ECF distribution of IPM in a rat model of A. baumannii pneumonia.IPM monohydrate-sodium cilastatin salt (Tienam; Merck Sharp & Dohme-Chibret Laboratories, Paris, France) was used to prepare imipenem solutions in saline or Ringer solution for intravenous administration or probe perfusion, respectively. Experiments were done in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Institutes of Health publication 85-23, revised 1985). Three days before the pharmacokinetic experiment, seven male SpragueDawley rats (Janvier Laboratories, Le Genest-St-Isle, France), weighing 331 Ϯ 40 g, were rendered transiently neutropenic by intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg · kg of body weight Ϫ1 of cyclophosphamide (Endoxan; Baxter Oncology, Halle/Künse-beck, Germany). The day before the experiment, rats were anesthetized and equipped with a vein femoral catheter and blood and muscle microdialysis CMA/20 probes (polycarbonate; molecular mass cutoff, 20,000 Da; membrane length, 10 mm; CMA microdialysis; Phymep, Paris, France) as previously described (10). Animals were then infected intratracheally (12) with 0.3 ml of an A. baumannii suspension containing between 7 and 8 log 10 CFU · ml Ϫ1 prepared the day before in MuellerHinton broth (Fluka, Biochemika Sigma Aldrich Chimie, St Quentin Fallavier, France). The strain (CIP 7034) was isolated from a human with pneumonia and kindly provided by P. Nordmann (Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France). On the day of the experiment, rats were anesthetized in a hermetic enclosure supplied with an air-oxygen-isoflurane mixture (1.5%) (Forene; Abbot, Rungis, France) at a flow rate of 500 ml · min Ϫ1 (Anesthesia Unity, Univentor 400; Phymep, Paris, France). Under anesthesia, rats were tracheotomized and mechanically ventilated and the lung microdialysis probe was implanted (10). Compared to our previous study with noninfected rats, oxygen was increased to 60% and isoflurane decreased to 1.2% until the end of the experiment (10). After insertion probes were perfused with Ringer solution at a flow...

RESUMO -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da somatotropina bovina recombinante (rBST -análogo do BST, obtido comercialmente pela técnica do DNA recombinante), sobre os aspectos hematológicos (hematócrito, eritrócitos, hemoglobina, leucócitos, neutrófilos, eosinófilos, linfócitos e monócitos) e metabólitos (glicose, insulina, IGF-I, triglicérides, colesterol total e uréia) do sangue de novilhas confinadas. Foram utilizadas 24 novilhas mestiças (½ Nelore x ½ Red Angus), com aproximadamente 18 meses de idade e peso médio 255 kg. Os animais foram alimentados com uma dieta contendo silagem de milho como volumoso e polpa de citrus peletizada e farelo de soja, como concentrado, durante 84 dias. Essa dieta foi utilizada para os três tratamentos, que se diferenciaram pela aplicação de 250 mg de rBST, por via subcutânea, na fossa ísqueo-retal, onde: 1) controle (aplicação de dois mL de solução salina); 2) dose única e 3) uma dose a cada 14 dias. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos e oito repetições. Coleta de sangue foi realizada no início do experimento e nos dias 28, 56 e 84 do experimento, para as determinações dos aspectos hematológicos e metabólitos. Não houve influência da aplicação de rBST sobre os aspectos hematológicos do sangue no início e final do experimento. Todavia, independentemente do tratamento, o dia de coleta teve um efeito linear positivo sobre os níveis de hematócrito, linear negativo sobre os níveis de glicose e triglicérides e quadrático positivo sobre os níveis de IGF-I e uréia. Ainda, não foi observado efeito do dia de coleta sobre os níveis de insulina e colesterol total.Palavras-chave: confinamento, novilhas, parâmetros hematológicos, somatotropina bovina Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin (rBST) on Hematologic Aspects and Metabolites of Heifers (½ Nellore x ½ Red Angus) Blood, in FeedlotABSTRACT -This work was carried out to evaluate the recombinant bovine somatotropin effect (rBST -BST analogous, commercially obtained by recombinant DNA technique), on hematological aspects (hematocrit, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, leukocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, lymphocyte and monocyte) and metabolites (glucose, insulin, IGF-I, triglycerides, total cholesterol and urea) in heifers blood. Twenty-four crossbred heifers were used (½ Nellore x ½ Red Angus), they were approximately 18 months old and 225 kg of average body weight. All animals were fed with corn silage, citrus pulp and soybean meal during 84 days. 250 mg of rBST were administered subcutaneously, by intradermic way in the ischiorectal fossa. Treatments were: 1) control (administration of two mL of saline solution); 2) Single dose and 3) one dose each 14 days. The animals were used in a completely randomized design, with three treatments and eight replicates. The blood collect was realized in the beginning of the experiment and in the days 28, 56 and 84 of the experiment to determine the hematological aspects and metabolites. There was no influence of the rBST treatment on hematological ...