Urban populations today are exposed to high levels of noise, which may cause discomfort and lead to health problems. Most of these noises are traffic-generated; therefore, this study focuses on evaluating the soundscapes of urban open spaces to determine its importance for the health of the citizen, since such spaces can function as noise attenuators. The methodology of this study involved a literature review, computer simulations and interviews with users of the aforementioned open spaces. The case study was conducted in an urban area in the city of Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The results indicate that, in the period of this study, traffic noise dissipated through open spaces but noise levels still exceeded the maximum allowable levels established by regulations. Nevertheless, the population proved to be largely unaware of the noise. It should be pointed out that the areas under study are used predominantly as recreational spaces for health and wellbeing activities. The findings of this study may serve to underpin urban planning policies that encourage the inclusion of open spaces, especially in areas of high urban density where the transport system consists of motor vehicles, in order to help control urban noise.
In contemporary cities, and usually without realizing it, the population has been exposed to high sound pressure levels, which besides causing discomfort, can lead to health problems. Considering that a large part of this noise comes from emission from motor vehicles, this research aims to evaluate the sound behavior in sound environments configured by voids in the urban fabric, in order to identify whether open spaces can act as attenuators of sound levels. To obtain the expected results, the methodology used was structured from a review of the state-of-the-art and computer simulations relating the variables that influence the formation of urban space and sound emission and propagation, taking as a case study an urban portion of the municipality of Vitória/ES. In parallel, questionnaires were applied to evaluate the user's perception of their exposure. The measurement results indicated that the sound pressure levels caused by traffic noise are above the limit tolerated limit by the NBR norm 10151:2000 for the daytime period. In turn, the results obtained from the population indicated that there is little perception of noise by the users of the spaces surveyed.
RESUMOAo longo do tempo a função das marquises foi sendo modificada. Esses elementos construtivos, por estarem diretamente projetados sobre as vias públicas, podem representar sério risco à integridade do transeunte caso não tenham uma manutenção adequada. Diante disso a presente pesquisa visou realizar os estudos inicias para elaborar um panorama das principais manifestações patológicas das marquises, tomando como estudo de caso o centro histórico de Vitória, no Estado do Espírito Santo, área repleta de edificações datadas desde o séc. XVI e que possui uma situação ambiental propícia à deterioração estrutural devido a agentes externos e internos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento das manifestações patológicas encontradas em marquises no Centro Histórico de Vitória-ES. Para tanto foi realizada uma inspeção visual preliminar relacionando o tipo de manifestação patológica e sua frequência dentro do espaço analisado. Foram eleitas três áreas do centro histórico que pudessem representar o contexto regional, o que culminou em uma amostra de duzentas e vinte e cinco marquises. Os resultados apontam que mais da metade da amostra analisada possui alguma manifestação patológica, sendo que as maiores ocorrências foram de crescimento de micro-organismos e até mesmo vegetação, eflorescências, além de fissuras visíveis, culminando com corrosão das armaduras. Tais resultados foram considerados coerentes com o clima local, que possui elevada umidade relativa do ar, grande concentração de íons cloreto devido à proximidade com a baía de Vitória e elevado fluxo de veículos. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que as marquises analisadas necessitam de atenção voltada à sua recuperação e manutenção, e que de modo geral as mesmas representam risco à população. Além disso, é necessária maior conscientização da população, especialmente dos proprietários dos imóveis, aos problemas decorrentes das patologias a fim de evitar incidentes que gerem danos maiores, para que as marquises possam exercer uma função eficiente no ambiente urbano. Palavras
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