The Internet contains misleading information on both schizophrenia and ADHD. The methodology used in this paper could be adapted for other psychiatric conditions.
Aims/hypothesis To determine whether serum uric acid: (1) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) death and/ or all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes; and (2) consistent with published data, predicts these outcomes in older patients and those of southern European ethnicity. Methods We studied those 1,268 (98%) of 1,294 type 2 participants in the observational Fremantle Diabetes Study who had a fasting serum uric acid measured at baseline. Mortality data were collected over a mean (±SD) 10.3± 3.9 years. Cox proportional hazards modelling was used to determine independent baseline predictors of CVD and allcause death including fasting serum uric acid as a continuous variable and quartiles. Results During follow up, 525 deaths occurred (41.4% of the cohort) of which 271 (51.6%) were attributed to CVD. In univariate analyses, patients in the highest uric acid quartile had the greatest CVD and all-cause mortality (p=0.007 and p=0.001). After adjustment for significant variables in the most parsimonious model, baseline serum uric acid was not an independent associate of CVD or all-cause mortality whether entered as a continuous variable (HR 1.11 [95% CI 0.96-1.27] and 1.10 [95% CI 0.98-1.22] for a 0.1 mmol/l increase, respectively) or as quartiles (p>0.10). Analyses of 638 patients >65 years of age and 231 of southern European ethnicity produced similar results. Conclusions/interpretation Serum uric acid was not an independent predictor of CVD or all-cause mortality in our community-based type 2 patients. Fasting serum uric acid concentrations do not appear to be prognostically useful in type 2 diabetes.
Objective: Hypoglycaemia poses a significant management challenge in patients with unresectable functional malignant insulinoma. Novel agents such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors and radiolabelled peptides may be effective where there is failure of conventional therapy. Design: We present the cases of two men diagnosed with inoperable malignant insulinoma and hepatic metastases who developed severe symptomatic hypoglycaemia, and review potential therapies for glycaemic support. Method: Despite treatment with diazoxide, frequent oral carbohydrate, prednisolone and somatostatin analogue therapy, both men required hospital admission for treatment with continuous i.v. dextrose. Both were treated with Lutetium-177 octreotate. One man was also treated with everolimus, a mTOR inhibitor. Result: Use of Lutetium-177 octreotate, and in one case everolimus, successfully achieved normoglycaemia, facilitating safe discharge from hospital. Both men also had regression in the size and number of hepatic metastases. Conclusion: Lutetium-177 octreotate and everolimus are options for managing hypoglycaemia due to unresectable malignant insulinoma when refractory to conventional supportive therapies.
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