Animal sacrifice was a central component of ancient Roman religion, but scholars have tended to focus on the symbolic aspects of these rituals, while glossing over the practical challenges involved in killing large, potentially unruly creatures, such as bulls. The traditional explanation is that the animal was struck on the head with a hammer or an axe to stun it, then had its throat cut. Precisely how axes, hammers, and knives were employed remains unexplained. This article draws upon ancient sculpture, comparative historical sources, and animal physiology to argue that the standard interpretation is incomplete, and, in its place, offers a detailed analysis of exactly how the killing and bleeding of bovines was accomplished and the distinct purposes of hammers and axes within these rituals.

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answer this question, we turned to Gregory Aldrete's book on the floods of the Tiber River in ancient Rome, which mentions the flood-prone nature of the. Aldrete's book on the floods of the Tiber is timely, coming out so soon after Hurricane Katrina and the catastrophic flooding of New Orleans. As the author notes The Earliest Roman Flood Marker-Carleton College Ancient Rome was perhaps the largest and most architecturally sophisticated western city until the Victorian era. But the impressive metropolis was frequently When the Tiber Grows-Rome in the Footsteps of an XVIIIth Century. Floods of the Tiber in Ancient Rome Ancient Society and History Gregory S. Aldrete on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers.

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