The construct validity and developmental structure of Hogan's (1964) model of counselor development and supervision were studied using a cross-sectional sample of 141 counseling psychology graduate student trainees, interns, and professional staff in 20 university^ counseling centers. Counselor Development Questionnaire items were developed into two arrangements-one based on Hogan's concepts as he organized them into levels, and another derived empirically using factor analysis. The two configurations were compared for their ability to predict experience level'of participants using discriminant function analysis. Each empirical factor was also examined for relationship with experience by means of one-way analysis of variance with preplanned comparisons. Results indicated that counselor development is best described by a complex rather than a simple model and that it involves factors of Anxiety/Doubt, Independence, Method/Skills Training, Work Validation, Committment Ambivalence* and Respectful Confrontation. Developmental profiles of these issues are described, and implications for supervision, training programs, and future research are discussed.
Participants were 355 randomly selected Division 17 members who responded to a survey concerning their assessment of their own research skills, their research training, and the major influences on their research skill and interest. Respondents reported that graduate programs contribute adequately to their skills in research design, statistics, and writing, but contribute less to their computer skills and practical research skills. Respondents, on average, felt confident about their research skills with the exception of statistical and computer skills. These perceptions were independent of sex, number of years post doctorate, graduate training department, American Psychological Association accreditation, and primary employment setting. Programs and training activities were consistently viewed as having a positive effect on research interest. Practical implications for the training program, the professional, and the profession are discussed.
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