The integration of non-synchronous generation units and energy storage through power electronics is introducing new challenges in power system dynamics. Specifically, the rotor angle stability has been identified as one of the major obstacle with regards to power electronics dominated power systems. To date, conventional power system stabilizer (PSS) devices are used for damping electromechanical oscillations, which are only tuned sporadically leading to significant deterioration in performance against the ever-changing operating conditions. In this paper, an intelligent power oscillation damper (iPOD) is proposed for grid-forming converters to attenuate electromechanical inter-area power oscillation. In particular, the iPOD is applied to a synchronous power controller (SPC) based grid-forming power converter to increases gain of the active power control loop at the oscillatory frequency. Predictions regarding the mode frequency, corresponding to the current operating points, are given by an artificial intelligence ensemble model called Random Forests. The performance of the proposed controller is verified using the two area system considering symmetrical fault for random operating points. In addition, a comparison with PSS installed in each generator reveals the individual contribution with respect to the inter-area mode damping.
The advent of renewable energy has posed difficulties in the operation of power systems whose net inertia is becoming critically low. To face such challenges, grid-forming power has been one of the potential solutions pursued by the industry and research community. Though promising, grid-forming power converters are still immature for mass deployment in power systems. In the meanwhile, an enormous amount of grid-following power converters has been underexploited when it comes to gridsupporting functionalities. Therefore, this paper proposes an external inertia emulation controller (eIEC) for grid-following power converter to provide frequency support to the grid. For the purpose of minimizing installation efforts and resources, the controller is designed in such a way that it can be implemented in an external controller communicating with the grid-following power converter via an industrial communication link. This paper also investigates the effect of communication delay on the stability performance of the proposed controller. In addition to the detailed analysis, hardware-in-the-loop experiments are also carried out to validate the proposed eIEC.
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