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Abstract-Outcome after cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation is dependent on critical interventions, particularly early defibrillation, effective chest compressions, and advanced life support. Utstein-style definitions and reporting templates have been used extensively in published studies of cardiac arrest, which has led to greater understanding of the elements of resuscitation practice and progress toward international consensus on science and resuscitation guidelines. Despite the development of Utstein templates to standardize research reports of cardiac arrest, international registries have yet to be developed. In April 2002, a task force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) met in Melbourne, Australia, to review worldwide experience with the Utstein definitions and reporting templates. The task force revised the core reporting template and definitions by consensus. Care was taken to build on previous definitions, changing data elements and operational definitions only on the basis of published data and experience derived from those registries that have used Utstein-style reporting. Attention was focused on decreasing the complexity of the existing templates and addressing logistical difficulties in collecting specific core and supplementary (ie, essential and desirable) data elements recommended by previous Utstein consensus conferences. Inconsistencies in terminology between in-hospital and out-of-hospital Utstein templates were also addressed. The task force produced a reporting tool for essential data that can be used for both quality improvement (registries) and research reports and that should be applicable to both adults and children. The revised and simplified template includes practical and succinctThe American Heart Association makes every effort to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of an outside relationship or a personal, professional, or business interest of a member of the writing panel. Specifically, all members of the writing group are required to complete and submit a Disclosure Questionnaire showing all such relationships that might be perceived as real or potential conflicts of interest.

The use of recombinant tumor antigen proteins is a realistic approach for the development of generic cancer vaccines, but the potential of this type of vaccines to induce specific CD8 ؉ T cell responses, through in vivo cross-priming, has remained unclear. In this cancer vaccine A key step in the development of generic cancer vaccines is the implementation of vaccination strategies allowing for the consistent induction of immune responses to tumor antigens. In this respect, the choice of appropriate antigens, based on both the frequency and the specificity of their expression in cancer tissues, is of paramount importance. The group of cancer/testis antigens (CTA) (1, 2), including the NY-ESO-1 antigen (3), is emerging among the most promising candidates. Because many CTA are not expressed on the surface of cancer cells but rather intracellularly, it is important that vaccination induces specific CD8 ϩ T cells able to directly recognize antigen-expressing tumor cells. Recombinant proteins can be produced in large scale and at relatively low cost, are commonly used in the development of antiviral vaccines, and are therefore attractive candidate antitumor vaccines. The potential of tumor antigen recombinant protein vaccines, however, relies on their ability not only to elicit antibody (Ab) and CD4 ϩ T cell responses but also to efficiently prime naive CD8 ϩ T cells through cross-priming (4), which generally is inefficient during spontaneous immune responses to tumor antigens (5). Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) detect pathogens through a variety of receptors such as the Toll-like receptors (TLR), which recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns including CpG dinucleotides within defined flanking sequences (CpG ODN) (6). Synthetic CpG ODN able to trigger TLR9 are potent vaccine adjuvants, stimulating T helper type 1 (Th1)-type immunity (7). In humans, they can directly activate B lymphocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells and also indirectly activate myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), increasing antigen cross-presentation and stimulating adaptive immune responses (8)(9)(10).In this study, we have assessed the immune response elicited by repeated vaccination with a NY-ESO-1 recombinant protein (rNY-ESO-1) administered with CpG 7909 in a water-oil emulsion with Montanide ISA-51. We show that cancer patients receiving this vaccine developed integrated Ab and CD4 ϩ T cell responses to NY-ESO-1 at an early phase of the vaccination protocol. A fraction of the patients also developed specific CD8 ϩ T cell responses at a later time point. Assessment of the correlation between the development of Ab and T cell responses suggested that the presence of sufficient levels of NY-ESO-1-specific antibodies was determinant for the cross-priming of CD8 ϩ T cells to occur in vivo. In line with this concept, we found that in vitro cross-presentation of NY-ESO-1 protein to vaccineinduced CD8 ϩ T cells by dendritic cells was enhanced by vaccine-induced Ab.

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These data highlight the breadth and diversity of EMS demand and care in the United States.