The impact of Palmer amaranth on mechanical harvesting, ginning, and fiber quality in dryland cotton was documented. Only the highest Palmer amaranth density (3,260 weeds/ha) reduced lint and seed yields. However, all weed densities increased harvesting time 2- to 3.5-fold. Two factors increased the time required for stripper harvesting: slower ground speeds due to large weeds and work stoppages that required hand removal of weed stems lodged in the harvester. Ninety-eight percent of the weedy plant material was discarded in the field by the harvester, and the remaining 2% was successfully removed in ginning and lint-cleaning processes. Weed infestations did not result in any differences in moisture content of seed cotton, ginning time, fiber quality, or the percentage of cleaned lint.
Field experiments were conducted near Beaumont, TX, to evaluate red rice control in imidazolinone-tolerant rice. Imazethapyr was applied preplant incorporated (PPI) and preemergence (PRE) at 70 and 105 g ai/ha and postemergence (POST) at 36, 52, and 70 g/ha. Single imazethapyr applications were made at each rate and timing and in sequential PPI or PRE followed by POST treatments. Red rice control ranged from 92 to 98% with sequential imazethapyr applications. Red rice control was higher when imazethapyr was applied PPI alone than PRE alone. But when these treatments were followed by a POST application of imazethapyr, there were no differences in red rice control between PPI and PRE application. Red rice control with sequential treatments was not improved with increased rates of imazethapyr POST. Visual injury to the 93AS3510 imidazolinone-tolerant variety was 5% or less 20 d after treatment (DAT), and there was no injury by 45 DAT. But POST applications of 70 g/ha imazethapyr may produce minor yield reductions to this experimental variety without improving red rice control. Results indicate that an imidazolinone-tolerant rice production system can be effective for controlling red rice and that PRE applications must be followed by a POST application to achieve maximum red rice control. PPI applications of imazethapyr at 70 g/ha should also be followed by a POST application to maximize red rice control.
KIH-485 is an experimental herbicide being evaluated for preemergence weed control in corn. Field experiments were conducted in Burleson County, Texas, in 2003 and 2004 to compare weed control, corn tolerance, and corn yield with various rates of KIH-485 or S-metolachlor. Each herbicide was applied in single preemergence applications at four rates, or in combination with atrazine. KIH-485 at 500 g ai/ha provided better Texas panicum control than S-metolachlor by 9 WAT. KIH-485 or S-metolachlor treatments controlled Palmer amaranth at least 91% at all evaluation dates. In 2003, no other treatment controlled velvetleaf better than 500 g/ha KIH-485. The following year, all KIH-485 rates above 125 g/ha controlled velvetleaf better than any rate of S-metolachlor alone. Moreover, KIH-485 controlled all weed species as good as or better than S-metolachlor plus atrazine, regardless of KIH-485 rate. There was no significant corn injury observed, and grain yield reflected the effects of weed control.
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