Three experiments investigated the frequency of a monocular, partial binocular, or nearly total binocular report of dichoptically presented stimuli in a line rivalry paradigm. The consistently important variable was the duration of the presentation time of the stimuli, which ranged from 50 to 1,100 msec, with each experiment covering only a portion of these times. Variations in equipment, instructions, response mode, light intensity, and position in the visual field were introduced. The main result was a report of fusion of the binocular inputs, with little or no suppression for about 40% to about 80% of the foveal presentations of 100 msec or less, the percentage varying over the three experiments. Partial fusion (some, but not all, lines crossed) was indicated in another 40% or more of the reports. Lateral positioning of the stimuli 6 deg from the fixation point, but not at 3 deg or less, resulted mainly in reports of monocular inputs. The possibility, and serious implication for studies of rivalry phenomena, of range effects (Poulton) from the within-subjects variation of duration of stimuli was noted.In the usual "real-world" viewing situations, we observe through our eyes two disparate views, yet phenomenally we experience a single view. Two contrasting explanations of this fact have developed, each with its advocates. The more recent is a suppression theory (
A phoneme-monitoring task was employed to test the effects of clausal structure and lexical ambiguity on sentence processing. Results supported the hypothesis that the clause serves as a psychologically real unit of sentence processing, with the semantic interpretation of each clause being assigned at the clause boundary. The frequency of the ambiguous or control word preceding the critical item in the phoneme-monitoring task was also found to affect the results obtained, with higher frequency words leading to longer mean reaction times.
An experiment w a s conducted t o study u s e r behavior while e n t e r i n g d a t a i n two d i f f e r e n t l o c a t i o n s on a v i s u a l d i s p l a y (VDT) screen. Sixteen s u b j e c t s ( e i g h t experienced and e i g h t novice VDT u s e r s ) performed a d a t a e n t r y t a s k which emphasized screen-keyboard i n t e r a c t i o n . The e n t r y a r e a w a s placed e i t h e r a t t h e t o p ( l i n e 2 ) o r bottom ( l i n e 23) of the d i s p l a y , with t r i a l s blocked f o r a given c o n d i t i o n . S t a t i s t i c a l l y s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e s w e r e obtained f o r t h r e e anthropometric measures and one t i m e measure on main e f f e c t s of l i n e l o c a t i o n and u s e r experience l e v e l . Although s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e s i n a b s o l u t e measures w e r e found, both u s e r groups show t h e same p r o p o r t i o n a t e improvement when t h e command l i n e i s presented a t t h e bottom, compared with when it i s a t t h e top.
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