corporate social performance, family firms, stakeholder theory,

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The planning and implementation of an enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-scholarisine A is presented. Key tactics employed include a novel cyclization, consisting of a nitrile reduction coupled with concomitant addition of the resultant amine to an epoxide; a modified Fischer indolization; an oxidative-lactonization of a diol in the presence of an indole ring; and a late stage cyclization to complete the caged ring scaffold. The development of a possible “retrobiosynthetic” approach to other members of the akuammiline alkaloid family is also described.

Histologic material from 84 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck regions was studied by double blind retrospective analysis. Sections of lymph nodes draining the tumors were examined microscopically to assess the morphologic pattern of response. Patients whose lymph nodes demonstrated active immunologic responses in the form of expanded inner cortices or increased numbers of germinal centers had 5-year survival rates significantly greater than those patients whose regional lymph nodes showed an unstimulated pattern. None of the patients whose lymph nodes showed the depleted pattern survived 5 years. These correlations were independent of the stage or grade of the tumor. Metastases occurred much more frequently in patients having regional nodes showing an unstimulated or depleted pattern than in those whose regional nodes showed evidence of immunologic activity. The data support the concept of a relationship between immunologic activity, progression of neoplasia, and survival. Morphologic assessment of immunologic activity in lymph nodes draining malignant tumors appear to be of significant value in the predicting survival.

An effective total synthesis and assignment of the absolute configuration of the architecturally challenging (+)-scholarisine A has been achieved via a 20-step sequence. Highlights include a reductive cyclization, involving a nitrile and an epoxide; a modified Fischer indole protocol; a late stage oxidative-lactonization; and an intramolecular cyclization leading to the indolenine ring system of (+)-scholarisine A.

GPR120 (FFAR4) is a fatty acid sensing G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) that has been identified as a target for possible treatment of type 2 diabetes. A selective activator of GPR120 containing a chromane scaffold has been designed, synthesized, and evaluated in vivo. Results of these efforts suggest that chromane propionic acid 18 is a suitable tool molecule for further animal studies. Compound 18 is selective over the closely related target GPR40 (FFAR1), has a clean off-target profile, demonstrates suitable pharmacokinetic properties, and has been evaluated in wild-type/ knockout GPR120 mouse oGTT studies.

BACKGROUND: DTaP5-IPV-Hib-HepB is a fully liquid investigational hexavalent vaccine directed against 6 diseases.