The cost of dental care adds to the costs of the already overburdened health sector. Do we - as patients and as society -receive oral health care that is both aligned with the actual disease experience and also, critically based on up-to-date scientific knowledge about the major oral diseases? In many places, the practice of dentistry reflects a response to disease patterns that once existed and is based on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that are no longer valid. Instead, a new cadre of dental professionals is needed, one that is capable of meeting the actual health needs of our populations. This cadre should ensure that patients maintain a functioning dentition from cradle to grave based on cost-effective disease control principles. There is an urgent need to: (i) reconsider the roles of the different oral health cadres involved in the provision of oral health care; (ii) integrate oral health into general healthcare services; and (iii) restructure the training of oral health personnel. We advocate a radical reform of the oral healthcare system involving the training of two new types of professionals integrated with the general healthcare system: The oral healthcare provider - a highly skilled professional specialised in the diagnosis and control of oral diseases and with a profound understanding of oral health as part of general health - and the oral clinical specialist - whose role is the provision of advanced oral rehabilitation, able also to treat people with complex chronic diseases and multiple medications.
This chapter features five personal accounts of experiences with the development and promotion of the farming systems research (FSR) approach in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The contributions are from individuals working in Latin America, Central America, South East Asia, West Africa and East Africa.
This paper studies certain forms of violence which occurred during the conquest of Antioquia between 1540 and 1550. As this province was a border area, both because of the aboriginal resistance and because of the confrontation between the governorates of Cartagena and Popayan, war and punishment against indigenous peoples was gruesome, even for the context of the Conquest. The aim of the paper is not to study the uniqueness of Antioquia, but to show that the border war was an imperial problem and that it relaxed morals allowing a punitive system foreign to civilized confrontation but valid in peripheral areas
En este texto se presenta y transcribe la relación que en 1539 el licenciado Juan de Vadillo escribió sobre el viaje que había realizado entre San Sebastián de Urabá y Cali. Este relato informa tanto del primer viaje por tierra que unió estas dos poblaciones, como de uno de los primeros encuentros entre españoles e indígenas en el occidente colombiano.
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