Superficial siderosis (SS) of the nervous system is a rare acquired condition related to hemosiderin deposits in subpial layers of the brain, brainstem, cerebellum, cranial nerves, and spinal cord, leading to brain iron-mediated neurodegeneration. The cardinal neurological features are slowly progressive hearing loss, ataxia, and pyramidal signs. Here we describe an atypical case of infratentorial SS evolving with acute intracranial hypertension in the absence of typical chronic signs.
). Palavras-Chave► neuroparacoccidioidomicose ► paracoccidioidomicose ► abscesso fúngico ResumoA paracoccidioidomicose é uma micose sistêmica, endêmica na América Latina, causada pelo fungo Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. O Brasil é o país com maior número de casos. A afecção do sistema nervoso central (SNC), condição potencialmente fatal, ocorre em torno de 12% dos casos. Identificam-se as seguintes formas de apresentação: meníngea, mais rara; meningoencefálica; e pseudotumoral, mais frequente. Os exames de imagem são fundamentais no auxilio diagnóstico, porém a identificação histológica do fungo é necessária para confirmação. O quadro clínico depende da localização no neuroeixo. Apresentamos o caso de um homem, trabalhador rural, com formações expansivas no SNC, compatíveis com paracoccidioidomicose. AbstractParacoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis, endemic in Latin America, caused by the fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Brazil is the country with the highest number of cases. The affection of the central nervous system (CNS), a potentially fatal condition, occurs in 12% of cases. The following forms of presentation are identified: meningeal, unusual, meningoencephalitis and pseudotumoral the latter two being more frequent. Imaging tests are essential in diagnostic, but the histological identification of the fungus is required for confirmation of the pathology. The clinical picture depends on neuraxial location. We present a case report of a male rural worker, with expansive lesions in the CNS, compatible with paracoccidioidomycosis.
Background Hemorrhagic events can result in significant neurological damage, and identifying effective strategies for neuroprotection is crucial. Several studies have directed their attention to the alterations in perilesional parenchymal tissue. These investigations have sought to modify ischemic and metabolic changes by utilizing potential neuroprotective agents and to develop strategies that effectively mitigate secondary perilesional neuronal damage. By gaining a deeper understanding of its mechanisms and efficacy, Spirulina platensis can emerge as a promising therapeutic intervention for various neurological disorders. Methodology This controlled and blinded experimental study was conducted on adult male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into the treatment group, which received Spirulina platensis extract for 30 days before the hemorrhagic event, and the control group, where all animals underwent the same experimental hemorrhage model using collagenase. Each group was divided into the following three subgroups based on the sacrifice time: six hours, 24 hours, and 30 days. The brain section with the largest hemorrhage volume was selected for histological analysis. The number of viable neurons was analyzed in the perilesional zone and the cortical fields along the puncture trajectory. Neurofunctional evaluations were conducted on animals sacrificed 15 and 30 days after the procedure. Results Initial analysis showed no significant difference in viable neurons between groups (p = 0.63). Still, after 24 hours, the treatment group had a significantly higher number of viable neurons per peripheral fields (18.5) compared to the control group (13.4; p < 0.05). Neurofunctional tests at 15 days indicated a trend toward significance in absolute discrimination (p = 0.054), with the control group showing higher mean values (5.5, SD = 3.1) than the treatment group (-1, SD = 5.1). The discrimination index exhibited a significant difference (p < 0.01), with higher mean values in the control group (0.59, SD = 0.34) compared to the treatment group (-0.05, SD = 0.21). No significant differences were found in other neurofunctional parameters at this time point. At 30 days, no significant differences were observed in absolute discrimination, discrimination index, contralateral paw elevation, rearing time, and wire hanging time test (p > 0.1); however, the treatment group presented a better motor performance in the open field test (14.2, SD = 9.02) compared to the control group (5.25, SD = 2.06), approaching significance (p = 0.06). Conclusions The group treated with Spirulina platensis demonstrated significantly more viable neurons in the perilesional fields 24 hours after the induced hemorrhage. The treatment group also had a relatively better motor performance in the open field test 30 days after the hemorrhage (p = 0.06). These findings suggest a potential neuroprotection effe...
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