Most research on sleep awakenings caused by aircraft noise determines the percent of awakenings from an average person's exposure to single aircraft events. Such research estimates the percent of people who would likely be awakened by a single aircraft of a given sound level, if everyone had average sensitivity to sleep awakening. However, such results do not show what percent of a composite population (of all sensitivities) would likely be awakened by a full night of aircraft events, of varying sound levels. It is this latter type of disturbance that provides a useful answer to the common question: How will altered nighttime aircraft operations affect awakenings in the communities surrounding an airport? This paper describes an alternative method for analyzing available sleep-awakening data to provide an answer to this question. The method is determined with one set of sleep-disturbance data, to yield dose-response relationships that may be applied to actual airport operations. The relationships are then validated by applying them to independent sleepawakening data, to predict the occurrence of sleep awakening in that data set. Predicted sleep awakening (and its predicted uncertainty) matched the independent data well. © 2007 Institute of Noise Control Engineering.
Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and renewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-01881, Washington, DC 20503. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)2. REPORT DATE July 1999 REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVEREDFinal -December 1995 to July 1999 TITLE AND SUBTITLE Mitigating the Effects of Military Aircraft Overflights on Recreational Users of Parks AUTHOR(S)Nicholas AFRL-HE-WP-TR-2000-0034 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 12a. DISTRIBUTION AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)This study was initiated as part of the cooperative US Air Force/National Park Service efforts to understand and effectively manage the potential adverse effects military air crew training can have on the National Parks. Through simultaneous sound data acquisition and Park user interviews, data were collected that provided a basis for determining how military jet overflights can affect visitor experience at a site in White Sands National Monument, New Mexico. Several useful findings resulted from the analysis. First, visitors can distinguish between the concepts of "annoyance" and "interference" produced by aircraft sound. Annoyance is an emotional reaction, while interference is more of an objective judgment. Visitors can find that the sound of aircraft interferes with the natural soundscape, but are not necessarily annoyed. Visitors believe annoyance results if the interference is often or severe enough. Second, visitors tend to be less annoyed by aircraft noise if they remember learning that they could hear or see aircraft while in the Park. This finding shows the importance of informing visitors about possible aircraft overflights -i.e., managing visitor expectations. Finally, aircraft noise is likely to produce less annoyance if aircraft fly over in close succession, rather than widely spaced, one at a time. This page intentionally left blank. SUBJECT TERMSn ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This study is a result of a cooperative effort between the US Air Force and the National Park Service to find ways for increasing the compatibility of airspace and public land uses. Both agencies recognize the importance of the other's mandates and responsibilities, and are working to minimize or eliminate conflicts when they occur. By pursuing this study, the two agencies have acknowledged both the potential for adverse effects military air crew training can have on National Parks and the necessity for conducting such training....
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