In order to achieve the required future CO 2 reduction targets significant further development of both gasoline and diesel engines is required. One of the main methods to achieve this with the gasoline engine in the short to medium term is through the application of engine downsizing, which has resulted in numerous downsized engines already being brought to production. It is, however, considered that there is still significant further CO 2 reduction potential through continued development of this technology. This paper considers the future development of gasoline engine downsizing in the short to medium term and the various technologies that can be applied to further increase the efficiency of operation. As such this paper covers, among other areas, fundamental engine layout and design, alternative boosting systems, methods of increasing part load efficiency and vehicle modelling, and uses analysis tools and engine test results to show the benefits achievable.
Recent developments in diesel engine technologies have led to considerable emissions and performance improvements, however the task to calibrate the increased degrees of freedom is challenging and complex. There is a requirement for improved experimental and data processing approaches that simplify and accelerate the calibration procedure. This paper presents an approach that simplifies the analysis of a six factor experimental system, where the settings for a multiple injection strategy, exhaust gas recirculation and boost pressure have all been investigated. Design of Experiments (DoE) and optimization techniques have been integrated and applied at five speed and torque conditions, in order to define calibration changes that meet various constraint criteria. The calibration changes determined at these sites have been extrapolated over the region of the operating map covered in the New European Drive Cycle. The focus has been to reduce the smoke and NO x outputs of the engine at no penalty to the base engine emissions and performance characteristics. This approach has resulted in a modified calibration, which reduces the smoke output by 12 % and NO x by 15 % over an estimated NEDC. Equivalent base engine levels of CO, HC, fuel consumption and engine stability were maintained.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.