Infrastructure costs in the deep-water environment are expensive. There is therefore, both from a cost perspective, but also increasingly from an environmental perspective, an increased drive toward deriving more production from existing infrastructure. One example of this is going after additional reservoirs from the same platforms that may have initially been bypassed. This includes reservoirs that may have been technically challenging, or at the time considered uncompletable. To constrain uncertaintites in pre well construction models requiresrequire good data, from the right place, at the right time. Up until recently during well completion operations this has not been available in real-time from downhole. If we look at the world of drilling, then this has been revolutionized in the last 30 years by access to real-time downhole data. Far more complex wells are drilled, in increasingly complicated downhole conditions and geosteered through the reservoir sections utilizing real-time downhole data. Almost all other well construction activities have, to a certain extent, been operated using only surface data and models about what is happening downhole. In this paper we will look at technology that has been recently introduced that allows access to real-time downhole data by transmitting acoustic signals through the wall of regular drillpipe. This means that downhole and along string measurements of pressures, temperatures, weights and torque are now available to aid in decision making and to drive the efficiency of operations. This data driven approach to well completions will show through real examples how an operator moved from wells that were once considered uncompleteable, through initially stand-alone screens and then onto gravel packing the same reservoirs. Thereby improving both the initial production rates and delaying the time to intervention. This paper will further show how a gradual implementation of technology across a sequence of wells allowed for wellsite and onshore personnel to become familiar with and understand the limitations, and or benefits, of combining various technologies to meet the demands of the field. Technology implementation has often failed due to ingrained processes and personnel unfamiliar with the technology continuing to operate in the same way as previous. The technology is very important but we should not neglect the difficulties of implementing technology and allowing people to accept it's use.
Casing exits provide operators with an additional wellbore path in which subsequent well operations may be performed. In many instances, a casing exit operation provides an operator with an economic method for accessing a known reservoir zone from an existing wellbore. This is especially true in deepwater settings, which have higher baseline costs. However, milling casing in a deepwater application is often cumbersome and unreliable. The downhole environment is complex, the nature of the formation is often unknown, and directional steering capability is ineffective in casing. Therefore, optimizing casing exits is essential to minimize costs of rig operation, especially in high-cost and high-risk deepwater settings like the Gulf of Mexico. This paper presents a real-time optimization solution using data analytics to improve casing exit efficiency, quality, and consistency. In this respect, a prescribed milling schedule is developed using advanced analytics on historical job data. Further, the use of downhole data and telemetry tools enables the collection and transmission of real-time downhole measurements. Finally, a surface acquisition system provides real-time readouts of the downhole measurements to ensure BHA parameters are optimized in real-time. This optimization methodology was successfully employed in the Gulf of Mexico in collaboration with an operator. Using prescriptive analytics, a milling schedule was provided before a casing exit. During operation, the schedule for downhole weight-on-bit (WOB) and surface rotary speed (RPM) was followed and adjustments were made using real-time downhole measurements. The 13 5/8-in casing exit was successfully performed in a single run and resulted in a high-quality window. Vibration and window drag were minimal, and the milling time was reduced by 10% compared to the average for similar casing exits.
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