Using mobile ECG technology in screening for AF in low-resource settings is feasible, and can detect a significant proportion of AF cases that will otherwise go undiagnosed. Further study is needed to examine the cost-effectiveness of this approach for detection of AF and its effect on reducing the risk of stroke in developing countries.
The relationship between sense of well-being and longevity is not well-established across populations of varying levels of socioeconomic status. We sought to examine the relationship between happiness, or subjective sense of well-being and life expectancy using data from 151 countries. This analysis is based on the 2012 Happy Planet Index project conducted by the Center of Well-Being of the New Economics Foundation, based in the United Kingdom. Well-being data for each country were taken from responses to the 'Ladder of Life' question in the 2012 Gallup World Poll in which participants were asked to rate their quality of life on a scale from 1 (worst possible life) to 10 (best possible life). Life expectancy and gross domestic product data were taken from the 2011 United Nations records. Ecological footprint data were taken from Global Footprint Network records. Subjective sense of well-being was highly correlated with life expectancy (Pearson correlation r = 0.71, p < 0.0001). In a multivariable linear regression model adjusted for gross domestic product, ecological footprint, and population, each 1 unit of the well-being scale was associated with an increase in life expectancy of 4.0 years (95% confidence interval = 2.7-5.3). In conclusion, better sense of well-being has a strong relationship with life expectancy regardless of economic status or population size, suggesting that governments should foster happiness in order to support long-living populations.
Studies of age related declines in health and function often focus on the end of the lifespan. However, chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) develop in middle age. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise training on vascular and skeletal muscle responses in mature rats. We hypothesized that mature rats would have attenuated adaptations to exercise training. Young (Y; 12-week old; n = 8) and mature (M; 24 week-old; n = 8) male Wistar rats performed 3-weeks of treadmill running (Ex) or remained sedentary (S). After this time period, insulin and glucose were greater in mature compared with young rats (P < 0.03) and were not different with Ex. Mature rats had lower exercise capacity measured by run to fatigue distance (Y-S: 675 ± 172 vs. M-S: 585 ± 22 m; P < 0.001) and a significantly reduced change in exercise capacity in response to exercise training (Y-Ex: 2387 ± 177 vs. M-Ex: 1341 ± 161 m; P < 0.01). Ex vivo aortic function in response to phenylephrine was impaired and aortic mitochondrial respiration was elevated in mature animals (P < 0.01) and neither endpoint responded to exercise training in the mature rats. Skeletal muscle AMPK activation was 81% greater in the Y-Ex compared with Y-S and this response was attenuated (8% greater) in the M-Ex compared with M-S (P = 0.05). Similarly, muscle PGC1α was greater with exercise training in the young rats and this response was abrogated in the mature rats (P = 0.05). In summary, mature rats develop insulin resistance and have lower exercise capacity and training adaptation. Vasomotion is impaired and skeletal muscle bioenergetic adaptation to Ex is blunted. As exercise is a cornerstone of therapy for T2D, it is crucial to define the interaction between age and exercise adaptation, and to determine whether T2D modulates or accelerates the impact of age. Future studies will focus on understanding the mechanisms of this age related impairment of exercise adaptation for identification of optimal exercise training and/or pharmacological interventions. Disclosure R.L. Scalzo: None. G.F. Evans: None. S.E. Hull: None. L. Knaub: None. L.A. Walker: None. J.E. Reusch: Research Support; Self; Merck & Co., Inc.. Board Member; Self; American Diabetes Association. Research Support; Self; AstraZeneca. Other Relationship; Self; Sanofi-Aventis.
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