This paper examines male street prostitution in Manchester, England, and draws some comparisons to its female counterpart in this city. While the two sectors have some important similarities, we also find significant differences in the physical and social ecology of the places in which they work, in their behavior patterns, and in individuals' demographics and work experiences. We find that ecological differences between the male and female markets have a major impact on participants' work practices, opportunities, and integration into the local community. The data also indicate that it is incorrect to speak of a monolithic male street market or sector in Manchester because sellers shift between settings (street, bar, escorting), unlike the female street sector. We also find that the males demonstrate more diversity in their repertoires for earning money. The findings have implications for local government policy and for outreach workers who work with these populations.

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The report is undoubtedly more relevant in policy terms because of their input. Thanks also to the support workers from the Belfast Commercial Sex Workers Service who provided information on the on-street sector in Belfast and to the Sex Workers Alliance Ireland and UglyMugs.ie who provided advice on the project as well as assisting in the distribution of the questionnaire and dealing with queries from sex workers about it. Special thanks also to Uglymugs.ie for providing data in relation to violence and abuse directed towards sex workers. Professor Robin Hickey from the School of Law at Queen's provided time for Graham Ellison to undertake the research. Thanks to Colette Farrell and Susan Burton from the School of Law who administered the financial aspects of the grant and to Richard Summerville who designed the cover graphic. The Information Compliance Unit at Queen's was also extremely helpful in advising us of issues in relation to data protection under GDPR.

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This article provides an overview of the police reform process undertaken in Northern Ireland since 1999 as part of a broader program of conflict resolution. It considers the recommendations of the Independent Commission on Policing (ICP), which proposed a number of changes to policing structures and arrangements in Northern Ireland, and it assesses the degree to which these have been operationalized in the 8 years since the ICP published its report. It suggests that although the police reform process in Northern Ireland has been moderately successful and provides a number of international best practice lessons, the overall pace of change has been hindered by difficulties of implementation and, more fundamentally, by developments in the political sphere and civil society.