Biology ■ SARS-CoV-2 is single-stranded RNA, enveloped virus that likely spread to humans from a zoonotic source, possibly bats or pangolins 1. ■ It is believed to spread from person to person via respiratory droplet nuclei 2. ■ Other routes of infection (e.g. contact, enteric) are possible as the virus can persist on surfaces and is shed in feces, but it is unclear if these are significant means of spread. 2,3 ■ There is evidence of transmission by asymptomatic individuals 4. ■ The virus binds to the ACE2 receptor on type II pneumocytes. However, the role of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) as treatments or risk factors for disease is unclear 5. ■ The reported incubation time is 3-12 days with a median duration of viral shedding of 20 days 6,7. ■ There is evidence that the virus changes over time. There may be multiple strains of SARS-CoV-2 in circulation 8. Dyspnea 20-40% URI symptoms 15% GI symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) 10% Diagnosis and Management of COVID-19 Disease SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that was identified in late 2019 as the causative agent of COVID-19 (aka coronavirus disease 2019). On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 a pandemic. This document summarizes the most recent knowledge regarding the biology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of COVID-19.

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Can smoking, vaping, e-cigarettes (nicotine/ cannabinoids/marijuana) protect me against COVID-19? No! Multiple research studies have now demonstrated that people who use cigarettes and e-cigarettes have worse outcomes if they get COVID-19. This is because the smoke and fumes/ aerosols cause inflammation in the lungs just like COVID-19 can. More inflammation means less ability for the lungs to absorb oxygen into the body.

El objetivo del texto se centró en analizar la rendición de cuentas social como un concepto alternativo a la rendición de cuentas horizontal y vertical, por medio del cual, es posible identificar los vínculos formales e informales de la participación de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil cuando utilizan los mecanismos de participación ciudadana. El marco conceptual que se desarrolló fue una combinación desde los enfoques de la gobernanza, las teorías de la democracia y el neoinstitucionalismo. Se presenta una propuesta de análisis que describe la importancia de la apertura de espacios gubernamentales a las organizaciones de la sociedad civil para mejorar los medios de control. La metodología utilizada es de corte cualitativo, la cual se desarrolla a partir de una revisión documental crítica y hemerográfica teniendo como resultados una propuesta analítica de la rendición de cuentas social y su aplicación al análisis de la solicitud de revocación de mandato en la Ciudad de México en 2023.

Can smoking, vaping, e-cigarettes (nicotine/ cannabinoids/marijuana) protect me against COVID-19? No! Multiple research studies have now demonstrated that people who use cigarettes and e-cigarettes have worse outcomes if they get COVID-19. This is because the smoke and fumes/ aerosols cause inflammation in the lungs just like COVID-19 can. More inflammation means less ability for the lungs to absorb oxygen into the body.