The development of BSP's Safety Management System identified areas for improvement in HSE training, traditionally seen as an important yet marginalised activity which "anybody can do". This paper describes the company's HSE training initiatives, their design and development, implementation and the results achieved. The first step in the development process was to bring together the findings and conclusions of an HSE Training Needs Analysis Study and an audit of HSE training. This confirmed the need to improve the quality, appropriateness (objectives and methodology) and supply of training. A project definition was produced and the project formed an integral part of the Corporate HSE Plan Provision for the expected benefits reflecting sustained and improved HSE performance, were built into the Corporate targets. Work commenced in early 1992 and by mid 1993 more than 30 new competency based HSE training courses had been placed in the local market. Courses were developed in two categories, namely HSE induction (which is known in BSP as core training), for all BSP and contractor staff, and specialist which are related to the work type. In this later case, courses included management, supervisory, transport, offshore, materials handling, fire, etc. This paper describes the key elements of the project, introduces some of the concepts and models used, the innovative training methodologies employed and reflects upon some of the issues and problems faced so far and some which have yet to be fully resolved. One of the innovative methodologies now in place is the use of high quality multi-lingual graphics based on-the-job training packs which are being regularly presented by workplace supervisors to the 10,000 contractors' employees. Introduction Brunei Shell Petroleum Company Sdn Bhd (BSP) is a 50:50 joint venture - Royal Dutch/Shell and the Government of Negara Brunei Darussalam - E&P company with around 13,000 direct and indirect employees. In common with many similar companies the majority of its non core activities are outsourced. The Company plays a major role in local and national societal development and is the major contributor to the nation's economic wealth. P. 531^
Summary Wave refraction has an important role in the evolution and day-to-day behaviour of shorelines and beaches. It is often the major factor in dictating the magnitude and direction of the littoral drift. The development of a wave refraction model for a particular site, (Poole/Christchurch Bays in the central south coast of England), is described. The computational technique is very powerful and an area of 2500 km 2 of sea bed has been reproduced with the refraction behaviour superimposed for various wave directions and periods in deep water. In assessing the results, regard must be paid to the simplifying assumptions and the effects of offshore shoals.
The wave data for 1978 have now.been analysed; the power available conforms to the average distribution (1975-77) shown in Fig. 6, although December was the most severe so far experienced.44. At this site, significant wave heights have varied from a fraction of a metre to over 4 m and zero crossing periods from about 3 S b 15 S. Most recordings have been in the range 4-7 S, the tendency being for wave period to increase with wave activity. After a storm has passed, swell waves may prevail for a few days; these are of relatively long period, but of small amplitude.45. In the analysis, significant wave heights of 0.3 m or less have been regarded as flat calm and possessing no power; about 30% of the recordings were in this category, although much less in the winter. However, if swell waves are taken into accountand a deep-water wave having a significant height of 0.3 m and a period of 12 s represents a power of 0.54 kW/m-then the wave power availability would obviously be greater.46. However, Mansard14 has shown that a more rigorous analysis of power availability based on the wave spectrum-which is not possible with graphical recording as in the present instance-leads to slightly lower values.47. The wave refraction analysis referred to in $24 has now been completed15 and, as envisaged, shows a fairly uniform distribution of wave energy on the line of the proposed wave power devices.It Seems likely, however, that the short westernmost portion in the lee of Handfast Point would contribute relatively little and could be dispensed with. 48. The wave power devices would constitute a form of detached breakwater. The length of the structure and the distance from the shore are important considerations. A very short structure, as diffraction analysis would show, provides little wave shadow and a close proximity to the shoreline could produce a tombolo, with the device becoming part of the shoreline. The layout in Fig. 1 would not present these problems. Dr R. J. S. Harris, Harris and Partners I understand the Authors are proposing an energy extraction scheme which might be used in conjunction with the shore protection works in Bournemouth to be a form of protection as well as a provider of energy. Can they give details of cost to justify their case?Mr J. G. Berry, Bertlin and Partners I have had problems with hindcasting for a site on the coast of South Yemen in relation to wind at sea. There are no stations measuring wind velocities at sea, and one has to
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