We are aware of no published research in which the morphological profiles of first-year collegiate football players are characterized. In light of the known association between obesity and cardiovascular disease and recent data suggesting an increased frequency of obesity and early death in professional football players, we have compiled a morphological profile of 65 freshman and transfer recruits (age = 18.4 +/- 1.2 years) from a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I football program. Measured variables included height (HT), body mass (BM), and body fat percentage (BF) (hydrostatic method). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using HT and weight variables. Individuals were grouped by player position for descriptive statistical analysis. The means for all 65 players were as follows: HT = 189 +/- 7 cm, BM = 106.5 +/- 4.8 kg, BF = 15 +/- 7%, and BMI = 29.8 +/- 4.7. Mean data from these collegiate athletes were compared to recently published data from professional players. By comparison, the average HT, BM, BF, and BMI of the professional football athletes were 188 +/- 4 cm, 107 +/- 4.8 kg, 14 +/- 5%, and 30.1 +/- 1.9, respectively. While the average BMIs of the collegiate athletes in this study would be classified as overweight or obese, the BFs were found to be within an acceptable range for health status. These data provide important indicators of morphological characteristics and BM health risks of new football recruits at a Division I university. The data presented also provide an historical basis for (a) evaluating both the conditioning of first-year incoming athletes, (b) determining the physical development of the athletes as they progress through the training program, and (c) charting the morphological changes that occur in collegiate football throughout time that may contribute to increased health risks to the athletes.
Context Osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) is recognized as an adjunctive medical approach for the treatment of pediatric patients, but few studies have detailed the pediatric conditions that prompt the use of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) or the types and frequency of OMT used. Objective To present descriptive data of pediatric patients receiving OMT from a neuromusculoskeletal medicine/OMM outpatient clinic. Methods Data were drawn from electronic health records from a single outpatient specialty clinic for pediatric clinical encounters involving OMT that took place between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2016. Encounter notes and billing records were reviewed for demographic information, presenting complaints, clinical assessments, somatic dysfunction assessments, OMT techniques used, and payment method. Data were categorized by patient age and analyzed. Results Five hundred thirty-seven pediatric patients (321 girls, 216 boys) received OMT during the study. These patients accounted for 1688 clinical encounters (1106 for girls, 582 for boys). Mean (SD) number of encounters was 2.7 (1.3) encounters for boys and 3.5 (1.1) encounters for girls. A higher percentage of patients younger than age 2 were boys, while a higher percentage of patients older than age 2 were girls (both P=.005). Musculoskeletal complaints and assessments were the most common for children aged 6 years and older; misshapen head, feeding difficulties, and colic were the most frequently reported for children younger than 6 years. There were 8557 somatic dysfunction assessments documented; thoracic and cervical somatic dysfunction were most commonly assessed. There were 8485 OMT techniques documented, and myofascial release was most frequently used. Encounters with self-pay patients (n=72) involved fewer somatic dysfunction assessments (P<.001) than encounters with patients using private insurance (n=1060) or Medicaid (n=542). Conclusion The electronic health records reviewed in the current study revealed descriptive data of pediatric patients presenting to an OMM clinic; these data were rarely documented in previous literature. They may be used by clinicians to better understand the role of OMM as a pediatric adjunctive medical approach and to identify conditions to target for future outcome studies based on common presenting complaints.
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