Crude glycerol (CG), a by-product from biodiesel production, is a carbon source with potential as feedstock for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production. PHAs are biological macromolecules synthesized by microorganisms as intracellular carbon and energy storage granules. PHA production and its properties were investigated using Cupriavidus necator IPT 029 and Bacillus megaterium IPT 429 cultivated with CGs from different origins. The highest PHA extraction percentage (71.56% [w/v]) occurred when C. necator IPT 029 metabolized CG 3 (from the processing of biodiesel from castor bean oil). The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses revealed novel PHA constituents as building blocks of medium (3-hydroxytetradecanoate) and long (11-hydroxyoctadecanoate) chains. Molar mass distribution revealed range of 121-6900 kDa. The initial degradation temperature ranged from 181.83 to 287.50°C and the crystallinity ranged from 35.30 to 66.70%. The results obtained indicate that C. necator IPT 029 from CG 3 could produce copolymers with industrially applicable thermophysical properties. Figure 4. GC-MS chromatograms and mass spectra: PHA produced by C. necator IPT 029 with CG 3 (from the processing of biodiesel from castor bean oil) (I) and PHA produced by B. megaterium IPT 429 with glucose (II).

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A goma xantana é um polímero natural de ampla aplicação, produzido por bactérias fitopatogênicas do gênero Xanthomonas. Devido às suas características de resistência à degradação pelo calor, estabilidade em ampla faixa de concentração de sais e de temperaturas altas, vem sendo utilizada em uma gama de indústrias (alimentícia, farmacêutica, cosmética e petrolífera) de muitos países, principalmente nos Estados Unidos, os quais dominam a tecnologia de produção de goma xantana, obtendo destaque como principais inventores e titulares, de acordo com esta prospecção realizada. Foi constatado que a maioria das patentes depositadas é de empresas norte-americanas, revelando o grande interesse do país pela tecnologia. Além disso, foram verificados os códigos de classificação normalmente utilizados nas patentes requeridas, podendo ser úteis como informação básica para buscas de anterioridade relacionadas ao polímero.Palavras chave: Patentes. Polímero. Xantana. Xanthomonas. ABSTRACTXanthan gum is a natural polymer of broad application, produced by phytopathogenic bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas. Due to their characteristics of resistance to heat degradation, stability in high salt concentrations and high temperatures, it has been used in several industries (food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and oil industries) of many countries, especially in the United States, which dominates the production technology of xanthan gum, gaining prominence as the main inventors and holders, according to this survey performed. It was also found that the majority of patents are from U.S. companies, showing the interest of the country in this technology. Also, it was verified classification codes normally used in the patent applications, and may be useful as basic information for prior art searches related to the polymer.

Resumo Produtos elaborados com a carne de peixe, assim como outros derivados cárneos

Avaliação da influência da lactose na aceitação sensorial de amostras comerciais de queijo coalho Evaluation of the influence of lactose on the sensory acceptance of commercial samples of rennet cheese