However, the response of cv. "Itoke Sege" to in vivo macropropagation combined with different benzylaminopurine (BAP) concentrations is not known. This study was conducted to determine the appropriate concentration of BAP for enhancing in vivo macropropagation of French plantain cv. 'Itoke Sege'. Methodology and results: Sword suckers of about 70 -80 cm tall and 14 -16 cm collar diameter were obtained from farmers' fields in Rungwe district in Mbeya, Tanzania. Moistened sawdust was steamsterilized for 45 minutes and then filled for cooling in wooden propagators of 1.5 m x 2.20 m x 0.3 m dimension. Suckers were partially peeled, washed to remove roots and surface-sterilized for 15 seconds by dipping them in hot boiling water. The sterilized corms were desheathed to expose axillary buds and decorticated to suppress the apical meristems. Fifteen corms in three replications were each dipped in BAP at 0.0, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mg/l for 12 hours and then planted into sawdust media. Irrigation was done immediately but subsequent watering was carried out when necessary. In vivo multiplication response was evaluated based on number of days to first shoot emergence, number of shoots per corm, number of roots per shoot and shoot size. Results showed that BAP concentration at 1.5 mg L -1 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the number of days to first shoot emergence of 15.78 days followed by BAP at 3.0, 6.0 and 0.0 mg L -1 with 25.18, 28.39 and 36.43 days, respectively. Similarly, BAP concentration at 1.5 mg L -1 significantly (P < 0.05) increased sucker productivity with 17.11 suckers per corm followed by BAP at 0.0, 3.0 and 6.0 mg L -1 with 15.23, 13.08 and 12.96 suckers per corm, respectively. Corms treated with BAP at 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 mg L -1 significantly (P ≤ 0.05) produced taller shoots with length of 27.0, 27.3 and 26.7 cm followed by corms treated with BAP at 0.0 mg L -1 with shoot length of 22.7 cm. Conversely, corms treated with BAP at 0.0 and 6.0 mg L -1 produced suckers with larger collar diameter of 3.4 and 2.4 cm followed by suckers from corms treated with BAP at 3.0 and 1.5 mg L -1 with collar diameters of 2.2 and 2.0 cm, respectively. Suckers from corms treated with BAP at 0.0 and 3.0 mg L -1 had larger number of leaves of 4.8 and 4.6 per sucker followed by suckers from corms treated with BAP at 1.5 and 6.0 mg L -1 with 4.0 and 3.8 leaves per sucker, respectively. Conclusion and application: Based on these findings, it is concluded that in vivo macropropagation combined with BAP at 1.5 mg L -1 is a suitable technique for improving multiplication and sucker growth of French plantain cv. 'Itoke Sege'. The findings of this study provide an opportunity for the use of in vivo macropropagation coupled with BAP at 1.5 mg L -1 as an alternative simple and cheap technology for rapid and mass production of planting materials for recalcitrant plantain varieties. Further study is recommended to evaluate the response of cv. "Itoke Sege" to in vivo macropropagation combined with other cytokinebased growth regulators. Research is a...
East African banana (Musa sp.) breeding efforts have focused mainly on enhancing ‘Matooke’ productivity through the development of high-yielding, pathogen-resistant cultivars with adequate stability to contribute to regional food security. Before a breeding program can recommend promising cultivars for release, they must pass the sensory screens; be evaluated in the target population environments; and the data analyzed for yield, adaptability, and stability. Twenty-four primary and secondary triploid hybrids [NARITA (N)] derived from ‘Matooke’ bananas, six triploid local ‘Matooke’ cultivars, and one exotic cultivar were evaluated for their yield, adaptability, and stability across the East African region at three highland sites in Uganda’s western and central regions, as well as at three sites in Tanzania’s northeastern and southern highlands regions, from 2016–19. A randomized complete block design with four replicates was used for multisite trials. The mixed-model restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction approach, along with additive main effect multiplicative interaction model biplots, were used to dissect and visualize genotype-by-environment patterns. Following the likelihood ratio test, both genotype and interaction effects were highly significant, confirming the influence of genotype and site heterogeneity for selecting specific and broadly adapted cultivars. N23 had the greatest yield across all sites associated with adaptability and stability, outperforming the overall mean yield of all genotypes by 34.2%. In Tanzania, N27 (second), N7 (third), N18 (fourth), N4 (fifth), N12 (sixth), and N13 (seventh); and in Uganda, N17 (second), N18 (third), N2 (fourth), N8 (fifth), N13 (sixth), N12 (seventh), N4 (eighth), and N24 (ninth) demonstrated good adaptability and stability, as well as high yield. Furthermore, the fungal pathogen Pseudocercospora fijiensis had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on yield, stability, and adaptability of the hybrids. As a result, they can be introduced into areas where black leaf streak constrains banana production significantly and threatens farmers’ livelihoods. The average site yield potential ranged from 9.7 to 24.3 t⋅ha–1 per year. The best discriminating sites for testing breeding clones were Lyamungo in Tanzania and Sendusu in Uganda. Hence, these testing sites are recommended as ideal examples of locations for selecting superior genotypes.
Background An understanding of farmers' preferences of new banana cultivars and their characteristics is critical for developing and selecting cultivars that meet consumer needs. Therefore, phenotypic selection in a genetically variable population remains an important aspect of plant breeding. Methods The participatory varietal selection approach for preference ranking was used on 31 'Matooke' secondary and primary triploid hybrids and local banana cultivars evaluated between 2016 and 2019 in Uganda and Tanzania to investigate how farmers' preference attributes could help breeders identify superior cultivars. The quantitative data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The qualitative data from farmers' focus group discussions (FGDs) were described using content analysis. The Mann–Whitney U test and Wilcoxon's signed-rank test were used to confirm the difference in farmers' preferences between groups. Results Farmers' approaches for defining characteristics were multivariate, and their preferences varied by site and country. Large fruit, a large bunch, market acceptability of the banana bunch, a sturdy stem, and an attractive appearance of the banana plant were the characteristics most preferred by farmers in Tanzania and Uganda. Tanzanian farmers preferred large bunches over other characteristics like bunch marketability and robust stem. Large fruit, drought tolerance, a strong stem, and phenotypic similarity to local cultivars were prioritized by Ugandan farmers. Both men and women farmers were more concerned with production-related characteristics, but the former valued marketing-related characteristics more, while the latter preferred use-related characteristics. Their preferences did not differ statistically, but the relative importance assigned by each group to the selected attributes was different. Conclusion Farmers' varietal preferences are frequently based on some assumed requirements, resulting in cultivar rejection or non-adoption. Therefore, determining the value attributed to each characteristic by various farmer groups is crucial in developing 'Matooke' banana cultivars with desired attributes that will boost the rate of adoption on-farms. Breeding initiatives that establish a system of integrated approaches and rely on thorough diagnosis of both production and consumption characteristics will best serve farmers' diverse preferences. To accomplish this, planning for varietal improvement initiatives at various levels—including internationally, regionally, nationally, and locally—would require a strong participatory structure that is gender inclusive.
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