Iron-restricted erythropoiesis is defined as inadequate iron delivery to red cell precursors in the bone marrow, which impairs hemoglobin synthesis and can lead to anemia. Iron-restricted erythropoiesis can be caused by absolute iron deficiency, iron sequestration, and functional iron deficiency. 1-14 Absolute iron deficiency is a decrease in total body iron, which in dogs is often due to chronic external blood loss, but could also occur in animals fed diets deficient in iron. 4,11,13 Iron sequestration occurs when inflammatory mediators,
Background: There are few reports in dogs that have evaluated the utility of semiquantitative scoring of bone marrow iron stores in conjunction with reticulocyte hemoglobin (CHr) to identify iron-restricted erythropoiesis due to absolute iron deficiency or iron sequestration.Objectives: An established system for scoring iron stores in human bone marrow samples was applied to dogs. The objectives were to evaluate interobserver agreement (Κ ω ), determine marrow iron scores in dogs without detectable hematologic abnormalities, and assess combined interpretation of iron scores and CHr to evaluate for iron-restricted erythropoiesis.Methods: Four blinded observers independently scored iron in 139 Prussian bluestained canine marrow samples from 0 (none) to 6 (very heavy), including healthy controls (n = 12), clinically ill dogs with (n = 100) and without (n = 16) detectable hematologic abnormalities, and dogs with experimental nutritional iron deficiency (n = 11).Additional medical record data were available for 118 dogs to evaluate for other evidence of iron deficiency (abnormal CHr, RBC indices, serum iron variables, external blood loss, or nutritional deficiencies).Results: Mean Κ ω was 0.69 (substantial agreement) for all samples but was 0.44 (moderate agreement) for samples with iron scores <3, indicating distinguishing scores 0-2 may not be reliable. Dogs without detectable hematologic abnormalities had scores from 3-5. Dogs with scores <3 and decreased CHr often had more indicators of iron deficiency vs dogs only having low iron scores or low CHr.Conclusions: Evaluation of dogs with marrow iron score <3 for external blood loss or nutritional deficiencies is likely clinically worthwhile, particularly if there is also decreased CHr.
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