This paper gives an overview of ongoing revitalisation efforts for Kanien’keha / Mohawk, one of the endangered Indigenous languages in Canada. For the Mohawk people, their language represents a significant part of the culture, identity and well-being of individuals, families, and communities. The endangerment of Kanien’keha and other Indigenous languages in Canada was greatly accelerated by the residential school system. This paper describes the challenges surrounding language revitalisation in Mohawk communities within Canada as well as progress made, specifically for the Kanien’keha / Mohawk language.
This study investigates the use of and attitudes towards, Spanish in the multilingual Republic of Equatorial Guinea, the only African country with Spanish as an official language. The Spanish dialect of Equatorial Guinea is an understudied area, although descriptive research on the Spanish language spoken there began in the 1950s. Very few research studies have been carried out on the sociolinguistic dynamic of this multilingual country. Four scales of language vitality were utilized and it was demonstrated that Spanish in Equatorial Guinea is not endangered and continues to thrive. An online survey was also performed to assess Spanish language use and attitudes towards the Equatoguinean variety of Spanish. Respondents were highly educated, middle-class and spoke at least two languages. It was observed that Spanish was the functional language in almost all the sociocultural contexts or domains. Equatorial Guineans share that Spanish is important to their identity as the only Spanish-speaking country in Africa.
The study reports on adults’ linguistic use of Nahuatl in the bilingual community of Santiago Tlaxco, Mexico. Using a survey approach, adults were asked to indicate their language choices (i.e., Spanish, Nahuatl or both languages) when interacting with people in various linguistic domains including personal, public, occupational, and educational. Findings showed that Nahuatl was used predominately with family members, with the exception of children aged 12 and younger with whom bilingual use was the norm. Similarly, in the public domain, bilingual language use was preferred for interactions with young people (less than 18 years), indicating a trend toward a gradual displacement of Nahuatl. However, Nahuatl was still the preferred language for interactions in the occupational domain, in places of worship and within social circles. Spanish was preferred for the educational domain, at the clinic, and in unfamiliar settings, such as with strangers. While adult use of Nahuatl facilitates language maintenance, there is a need for increased intergenerational transmission. Results are discussed in the context of language planning.
Le présent article propose une analyse comparative de deux traductions de Pérégrinations d'une paria (1838), carnet de voyage de Flora Tristan qui relate son séjour au Pérou. La comparaison se fait entre la traduction anglaise par Jean Hawkes, Peregrinations of a Pariah, et la traduction espagnole par Emilia Romero, Peregrinaciones de una paria. Notre analyse révèle que les deux traductrices ont adopté des approches différentes et, donc, elles occupent deux pièces distinctes dans ce que Neubert et Shreve (1994) ont appelé la maison de traduction. L'analyse met en relief la façon dont elles représentent l'esclavage et le concept des femmes comme esclaves au sein du mariage. Elle s'appuie sur les théories et méthodes de traduction décrites dans Translating Slavery (1994/2009), dirigé par Kadish et Massadier-Kenney, dans lequel la traduction est étudiée sous différents angles : humaniste, critique et idéologique. Les traducteurs réunis dans ce volume abordent des questions sociales, comme la race et le genre, et, ce faisant, offrent différentes lectures du texte original. Dans le présent projet, on adopte une des approches proposées dans ce volume, une approche contrastive et comparative, pour examiner les différences entre les textes originaux et traduits, en se concentrant tout particulièrement sur les interventions des traductrices.
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