VSG shunts offer a simple, effective, and relatively safe means of temporizing hydrocephalus, and they avoid the need for external drainage or frequent CSF aspiration in these medically unstable infants until the CSF characteristics and abdomen are acceptable for ventriculoperitoneal shunting.
Of 100 children with supratentorial gliomas (excluding gliomas of the anterior visual pathways) treated at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh from 1980 to 1990, 34 had malignant gliomas. Follow-up was adequate in 33 of these patients, and an antemortem diagnosis of dissemination of the malignant glioma via the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was made in 11. Of these 11, 8 were boys and 3 were girls; they ranged in age from 17 months to 16 years at the time of diagnosis of the primary glioma. The distribution of histological types was as follows: glioblastoma multiforme, 4; malignant oligodendroglioma, 3; anaplastic astrocytoma, 2; malignant mixed glioma, 1; and malignant ependymoma, 1. The interval between diagnosis and CSF dissemination ranged from 1 week to 59 months (median, 8 months). Survival after dissemination ranged from 3 weeks to 11 months (median, 4 months). Two patients were alive 5 and 3 months after diagnosis of dissemination, respectively. These 11 patients were compared with the other 22 patients who did not have CSF dissemination. The risk factors for dissemination suggested by our data were male sex, ventricular operative entry, multiple resections, and malignant oligodendroglioma. Because of the high incidence (33%) of CSF dissemination, postoperative evaluation of the craniospinal axis with gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging should be performed on all children with supratentorial malignant gliomas. Moreover, since the mortality is extremely high once dissemination has occurred, craniospinal irradiation should be considered in children with one or more of the above risk factors, even before symptoms or definite radiological evidence of CSF dissemination emerge.
When planning to use the MPN for neurotization of the MCN, one should be prepared to harvest an interposition graft, because over one-third of MPNs may not have enough length to reach the MCN in a tension-free manner. Diameter mismatch occurs predictably between the distal MPN and the proximal MCN.
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