M astitis is a disease of economic importance causing havoc in dairy sector throughout the world. National mastitis control program envisages minimizing spread of infection, protecting mammary gland tissue and curtailing entry of pathogens through teat orifice. Farm productivity has been limited with lack of appropriate technologies to meet location specific requirements (Kadivendi et al., 2015). Periodic assessment of milk is important to know the health status of udder (Syed et al., 2009). Dairy farmers differ in undertaking risk, seeking alternative source of employment and level of motivation in any region. The enhanced occurrence of coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) is cause of concern (Reyher and Dohoo, 2011; El-Jakee et al., 2013). Incidence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) upto 50% in cows was reported in different regions (Gianneechini et al., 2002; Alhussien et al., 2015). In India, SCM occurs forty times more than clinical form with annual economic loss of Rs. 4365.32 crore (NAAS, 2013; Bhanderi et al., 2014). These findings reflect that SCM needs to be given adequate attention (Abrahmsen et al., Short Communication Abstract | Mastitis is an ailment of economic importance affecting livestock worldwide. Several initiatives have been initiated globally through investment of highly skilled human resource along with unconstrained financial support. The nature of disease, cost of medication, difficulties in reaching out to needy livestock population and accessibility to diagnostic facilities are main impediments. Innovations from creative individuals in similar setting can address such difficulties better. Hence, listening to farming communities will enhance the scope of intervention and leverage experimental learning in society. Indigenous livestock system sustained by outstanding traditional livestock holders can complement efforts of scientific community. Appreciating the role, mainstreaming of indigenous veterinary medications has been revitalized. However, successful evidence of communities' role in bringing out suitable researchable issues, and response to meet, share and discuss with them were limited. The study illustrates successful outcome to bring desired attention in this area. During this engagement with civil society a novel innovative medicine coded AHP/BSD/SCM in treatment of sub-clinical mastitis was evaluated and was found effective. A specific research question posed by indigenous healer provided different perspective to control mastitis. This research study offers art of engaging different stakeholders to construct a meaningful situation for expressing and implementing creative, affordable technologies. It highlights the role of society in sharing a solution that has been collectively preserved by them and essential direction to formal system.
| National Innovation Foundation-India had redefined livestock innovation system in India through green grassroots technological innovations and outstanding traditional knowledge practices. The institution address the requirement for future generation to understand values of Indigenous Knowledge Research System through empirical evidence. Communities maintain these knowledge systems for their sustenance with help of learnings from nature. This research study is one such example to showcase medicinal value of novel veterinary medication preserved by outstanding traditional healer Shri. Sitanath Munda, Jharkhand state of India. The experience reiterates importance of building trust and reciprocity towards knowledge holders as advocated by Honey Bee Network. Social interaction with creative society and peer group pressure enabled healer to share a medication in treatment of bloat among ruminants. This medication AHP/JH/SM was tested against clinical condition in small ruminants. An in-vitro rumen simulation experiment confirmed its property to sustain pH and restored viability of rumen microflora. This had resulted in 50 percent reduction of gas production thereby reduced emission of greenhouse gas. These effective formulations need to be incorporated in intervention program of animal husbandry departments. This will enhance the scope of interaction between formal resource personnel with society to understand, imbibe and to act on local wisdom. More evidences have to be generated to understand tacit value of Indigenous Knowledge Research System [IKRS] in addressing environmental concern.crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.14737/journal.aavs/2016/4.5.241.249&domain=pdf&date_stamp=2008-08-14
Questions are raised in effective utilization of farmer’s wisdom by communities in their farming. Planners support to livelihood emphasize mostly of inputs from outside and not setting up sustainable goals. Formal institutions and planners of program are finding constraints and sceptical in wider dissemination of indigenous knowledge research system (IKRS). This is in spite of evidence that considerable number of farmer’s in livestock sector depends on IKRS. In this context, it is pertinent to showcase dissemination potential of these knowledge system(s) in larger geographical areas. The review illustrates different challenges encountered while control of livestock ailments like ectoparasite infestation through IKRS. Several times, it was opinioned to provide or share IKRS to thwart ailments in a specific region. This is interesting as it was narrated how formal system is unable to recognize farmer’s problem and challenges in integrating these sustainable practices. It has to be noted that disseminating activities seldom takes into account the experimental potential of farmers. This review paper articulates various evidences generated in enhancing diffusion thereby dissemination of IKRS. The nature of support extended by IKRS in entrepreneurial activity of smallholder farming units did not get adequate recognition. There needs to be minimum standard protocol in deriving benefit from such low-cost alternative technologies. This will enrich incremental innovation activities as per location specific need and provide scope for wider dissemination.
Background: The thyroid function of the dog has been little studied in comparison with that of the human. This may have resulted, in part, from the apparent lack of reporting of thyroid-related disorders in the Indian canine population. There is, therefore, a need for a more detailed study of thyroid hormone levels (establish reference interval) in normal dogs using a specific and accurate technique like radioimmunoassay (RIA). Methods: Total 192 healthy dogs from the clinical setup of constituent colleges of MAFSU (viz. Mumbai, Nagpur, Parbhani, Shirwal, Udgir and Akola) were ethically enrolled to examine thyroid hormones levels (TT3, TT4 and FT4). Thyroid hormones were estimated using RIA. Result: The results of the present study recorded mean serum TT3, TT4 and FT4 values in healthy dogs as 1.29±0.04 nmol/l, 28.17±1.18 nmol/l and 13.03±0.68 pmol/l respectively. The reference interval (25th to 75th percentile) for TT3, TT4 and FT4 was found to be 0.88-1.51 nmol/l, 15.70-35.29 nmol/l and 7.80-14.75 pmol/l respectively. The median for TT3, TT4 and FT4 was found to be 1.13 nmol/l, 24.54 nmol/l and 10.00 pmol/l respectively. The baseline serum thyroid hormone concentration would be valuable for identifying thyroid dysfunction in dogs.
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