Transparent dense barium bismuth borate (BBB) glasses in ternary x(BaO-Bi 2 O 3 )-(1-x)B 2 O 3 system, with x = . 15, .25, .35, and .45, were prepared by the meltquenching process. Density of the glasses increased to 7.145 g/cm 3 with increasing BaO-Bi 2 O 3 content. Gamma radiation shielding performance of the glasses was estimated by studying mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) and effective atomic numbers, using XCOM software as a function of photon energy. Subsequently, experimental MAC values of the glasses were measured using 152 Eu and 60 Co sources by the radiation transmission method. Measured and calculated MAC values of the glasses were in close agreement. Equivalent atomic numbers, exposure, and energy absorption buildup factors were analyzed at different mean free paths and photon energies using Phy-X software. Dense glasses exhibited large effective atomic numbers and radiation shielding characteristics comparable with the dense heavy metal oxide glasses. Effective atomic numbers of the glasses were found to be close to the heavy metallic elements (Pb, W, and Hf) at low gamma energies. Radiation shielding ability of the glasses is discussed by comparing with the recently reported radiation shielding glasses and conventional shielding materials. Lead-free and dense transparent BBB glasses in the present study can be effective in radiation shielding for radiological applications.
We report for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, harmonic mode-locked noise-like pulses under a
Q
-switched envelope in an all-fiber erbium doped ring laser cavity, mode locked using the nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) technique. For a cavity with a fundamental repetition rate of 1.33 MHz, stable mode-locked noise-like pulses, with few nanoseconds durations, single pulse energies around 30–40 nJ, and
Q
-switched repetition rates up to 31 kHz, were produced and characterized from the fundamental to the eighth harmonic. The formation and evolution of
Q
-switched harmonic mode-locked noise-like pulses were preceded by the formation of
Q
-switched mode-locked noise-like pulse bunches. This is also the first report on noise-like bunches under a
Q
-switched envelope, to our knowledge. Our studies also provide further insights into the interplay of different physical mechanisms involved in the production of such ultrashort pulses. Such sources should prove especially useful for efficient supercontinuum generation and laser micromachining.
Synthesizing nuclei through reactions that produce a reasonable yield is important for the experimental study of neutron-rich nuclei. In this study, the cross-section values of 184Ta and 186Ta nuclei in various experiments were reviewed and analysed. The experimental data of (n, p), (p, x) and (n, α) reactions were compared to identify the best reaction to produce these nuclei for further study. Our study shows that (n, p) reactions on natural Tungsten targets are the most feasible reactions with a good yield of the neutron-rich Tantalum isotopes. New reactions have been proposed for the effective synthesis of 184Ta and 186Ta using tritium beams on Hafnium targets. The cross-section values of the proposed reactions were calculated by PACE4 software simulations.
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