Nanotechnology developments have resulted in the emergence of many forms of pharmaceutical products like Nanoemulsions, Nano micelles, Nano sponges and Nano niosomes. In recent years, through nanotechnology, Nano sponges (NS) has acquired remarkable strength in drug delivery. Later, as they effectively overcome the problems like increasing the solubility of water-insoluble drugs, increasing bioavailability, reducing drug toxicity, avoiding drug degradation and targeting the drug to a specific site, which offers controlled drug delivery for topical use. They can also be used as a carrier as biocatalysts for vaccines, enzymes, proteins and antibodies. Nano sponges are better than micro sponges because the diameter of Nano sponge is below 1μm and the diameter of the microsponge is 10-25μm with the void size around 5-300μm, thereby decreases side effect and protect the drug from degradation. This review study to expound the characteristics of β-cyclodextrin based Nano sponges like factors affecting the formation of Nano sponges, applications in topical formulation and comparison of different marketed products of Nano sponges along with cyclodextrin in various drug delivery and offer high drug loading compared to other Nanocarriers

Objective:The aim of the present study was to increase the dissolution rate of glibenclamide (GLIB) by molecular dispersion of drug in the polymeric matrix of Pluronic F-127.Methods: GLIB-loaded solid dispersions were formulated by fusion method. The formulated solid dispersions were characterized for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and evaluated for percentage yield, drug content, solubility, and in vitro dissolution profile, and stability studies were conducted as per International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines Q1A in stability chamber, both at intermediate and accelerated conditions. Results: Both XRD and DSC studies suggested that crystalline GLIB was converted to amorphous form after loading into carrier. SEM studies revealed that the prepared solid dispersions were in the form of irregular particles with the absence of crystalline material. Due to this conversion of crystalline to amorphous state, formulated solid dispersions had shown improved dissolution rate profile of GLIB and stability studies suggested that formulated solid dispersions showed no significant changes in appearance and also in drug content. Conclusion:Thus, from the obtained results, it can be concluded that dissolution profile of GLIB can be improved by formulating as solid dispersion.

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is considered as the main factor of the Free Radical theory of aging over centuries and it indicates the pathophysiology of aging in mammals. ROS causes oxidative stress, which is a major component in the aging process of higher organisms. ROS also leads to many age-related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, etc. ROS causes damage to most of the biological membranes that cause these chronic diseases. Enhanced ROS levels at the cellular level lead to cellular senescence. It is a stage of cells where growth arrest happens associated with the secretion of Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. Senescence maintains tissue homeostasis, functions in normal development and restricts tumor development. In this regard, recent experimental evidence has shown that the genetic or pharmacological ablation of senescent cells extends the life span and improves the healthspan. Here, we review the cellular and molecular links between cellular senescence and aging and discuss the novel therapeutic avenues that this connection opens.

Wound can be defined as any process which leads to the disruption of the normal architecture of a tissue. They may be closed or open, for example, abrasions, lacerations, avulsions, ballistic and excised, or surgical wounds. Successful wound care includes advancing patient local and systemic conditions in conjunction with a perfect injury healing condition. Numerous wide assortments of dressing materials are accessible both for extreme and persistent non-healing wounds. A wide range of wound healing products have been produced to impact this injury condition to give a non-pathogen, ensured, and clammy region for healing to happen. A perfect injury dressing ought to limit loss of protein, electrolytes, and liquids from twisted and to diminish pain and contamination alongside wound healing. More current products are as of now being utilized to supplant or enlarge different substrates in the injury healing period. There is a sharp complexity to prior routine of wound administration, where the injury is permitted to dry, yet the present advancement was to move forward to the idea of wet injury recovering. This review of the present wounding periphery in wound recovery occurs at the most recent utilizations of silver and the employments of negative pressure wound gadgets, propelled dressings and skin substitutes, and biologic injury items including development of hydrogels and hyperbaric oxygen as an aid in wound mending. With the advancement of accessible dressings, the objective is to locate the most proper methodology or blend of modalities to optimize wound healing.

Objective: The aspiration of the current research involves employing various concentrations of polymer and filler to develop indomethacin sustained release (SR) matrix tablets. The objective of this research work is to reduce dosing frequency thereby increasing patients compliance and enhanced therapeutic activity.Methods: Polymers such as Almond gum (AG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and starch at different concentrations were used for formulating SR polymeric matrix tablets. Evaluation of pre-compression and post-compression parameters was done for both granules and formulated tablets.Results: Results obtained from pre-compression parameters and post-compression parameters suggested that all the parameters are within the prescribed limits, demonstrating that formulated granules had shown better flow properties. The morphological characteristics of the developed tablet were observed by employing scanning electron microscope where the surface of the tablet was found to be smooth from the in vitro dissolution study, combination of AG (30 mg) with PVP (30 mg), and starch used as a filler has sustained the release of drug up to 10 h.Conclusion: Therefore, developed polymeric matrix tablet exhibited enhanced potency over a conventional tablet by exhibiting an excellent dissolution profile for a period of 10 h.

Objective:The objective of the present work was to develop an in situ gel composed of Pluronic F-127, Carbopol 934, and methylparaben and loaded with fluconazole using DoE software to sustain the delivery of drug in the buccal cavity. Methods:In situ gels were prepared by temperature-induced method, by employing DoE and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and evaluated for gelation temperature, gelation time, adhesive force, and in vitro diffusion studies. Results:Both FTIR and DSC studies suggested that there were no chemical interactions present between both drug and polymers. The formulated gels S1, S3, and S9 showed gelation at a body temperature. The viscosity, gel strength, and mucoadhesive force for the formulated in situ gels were found to be within the ranges of 375-738 cps, 35-62 s, and 4650-5210.32 dynes/cm 2 , respectively. The in vitro diffusion studies indicated that optimized in situ gel S3 exhibited the improved ability to sustain the drug compared to other formulations. Conclusion:Thus, developed in situ gel system was determined to be effective in terms of eradication of oral thrush.

Objective:The objective of the present research was to develop fixed-dose combinations for the treatment of dyslipidemia, associated with type-II diabetes mellitus for improvement of glucose tolerance. Methods:Multiple unit pellet systems (MUPSs) consisting immediate release atorvastatin calcium pellets and sustained release glibenclamide were formulated by spheronization technique. The characterization of formulated pellets was done by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies, and formulated pellets were evaluated for solubility, viscosity, pH, and in vitro studies.Results: From FT-IR and DSC studies, it was confirmed that no chemical interaction existed between the drug and the natural polymers used. Solubility of glibenclamide was found to be 4.38 and 18.24 and atorvastatin calcium was found to be 6.84, 214.67, and 287.43 g/L. The viscosity of 1% w/v of locust bean gum, guar gum, and ghatti gum was found to be 169 cP, 124 cP, and 31 cP in distilled water. The pH of locust bean gum, guar gum, and gum ghatti solutions was found to be 5. 6±0.49, 5.2±0.27, and 4.7±0.51. The in vitro studies suggested that glibenclamide pellets had shown a sustained release till 12 h, while atorvastatin calcium had shown immediate release of drug due to rapid disintegration of pellets. Conclusion:Thus, MUPS can be considered as an alternative approach to treat diabetes induced dyslipidemia.

Objective: The present research is to formulate Glimepiride and Atorvastatin Calcium Nanoparticles for the type-2 diabetes mellitus for improvement of glucose tolerance associated with dyslipidemia formulated by liquid antisolvent precipitation technique. Method: Glimepiride nanoparticles and atorvastatin calcium nanoparticles were prepared by using a liquid antisolvent precipitation technique. Solvent to antisolvent ratio used was 3.5:6.5 and 2.5:7.5 and the drug concentration used was 40 mg/ml and 60mg/ml respectively. Result: The XRD was determined, the data of the optimized Glimepiride formulation revealed that the prepared nanosized Glimepiride powder was existed in crystalline form. The percent yield for the formulations of Glimepiride and atorvastatin calcium nanoparticles was found to be 72.8±1.8%, 75.3±2.2% respectively. In-vivo studies in albino wistar rats demonstrated that the Cmax and AUC0−24h of optimized Glimepiride and atorvastatin calcium  nanosized formulation was found to be 24451.14±2170.5 ng/ml, 162945.12±241.5 ng/ml and 1385.43±153.3 ng/ml,3636.57±65.2 ng/ml respectively. Dissolution study of optimized formulations shows that marked enhancement of dissolution rate. The stability studies of mixture of Glimepiride and atorvastatin calcium powder when stored at 4±3oC refrigerated temperature has shown no significant changes in physical appearance, drug content, particle size and PDI. Conversely the sample stored at room temperature has shown significant increase in particle size and PDI, with no significant changes in drug content and physical appearance. Conclusion: The Formulation of glimepiride and atorvastatin calcium drug nanoparticles shows increase in the surface-to-volume ratio of API, resulting in better drug solubility and hence increasing the bio-availability when compared to its pure form.