Lung malignancies are on the rise and sadly present at an advanced stage. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is used for staging as well as in diagnosis of lung malignancies. However, not all endobronchial growth are malignant. Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumour (IMT) is one of the rare tumours of the lung. A controversy regarding the benign versus malignant nature of the tumour is still ongoing. The management of these tumours can be challenging because there are no established treatment protocols. Although IMT most commonly arises from lung, endobronchial presentation is very rare. We report a case of endobronchial presentation of IMT and discuss about its aetiology and treatment options.
In the modern world, the digital signal processing embeds more in real time applications. Several researchers focused on filtering process to identify the limitation in traditional methods. In this article, the meta-heuristic algorithm is deployed for optimizing infinite impulse response (IIR) filter design. The traditional IIR filter results create computational complexity and its performance is worse in the case of a noisy environment. In signal processing, IIR plays several roles in filtering and monitoring the signal amplitude. The African Buffalo Optimization (ABO) is quite easy for implementation and its performance outcomes solved many problems in various domains. Hence, it is selected for solving IIR filter problems for obtaining optimal filter coefficients. Initially, IIR filter is designed for different orders under ABO concept. The ABO based IIR filter’s performance is superior to those obtained by Genetic Algorithm and cuckoo search algorithm. The proposed method’s performance result proves that it has a smaller magnitude error and phase error with fast convergence rate.
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