Pounding occurs when the adjacent buildings start vibration out of phase during the seismic activity which causes the collision between the adjacent structures. Due to higher cost of land in cities people have tendency to attach the buildings at property line. Earthquakes can cause pounding when adjacent buildings have little gap or no gap providing separation. Due to pounding effect structural and non – structural damage may occur in the adjacent buildings.
The main objective of this research is to assess the seismic response of common residential RC buildings that has been constructed with no gap with the adjacent structures and to find the minimum gap requirement for the commonly constructed buildings of Nepal.
For this study two different cases with varying separation distance between adjacent buildings have been considered. First case is the adjacent buildings having equal storey height but different number of stories. It includes models having 4 and 2 stories and 4 and 3 stories. Second case is the adjacent buildings having unequal storey height but same number of stories. It includes models having 3 and 3 stories and 4 and 4 stories. In both cases adjacent buildings have same material & sectional properties. Non-linear dynamic analysis is performed using El-centro earthquake data as ground motion. Gap element has been used to simulate the pounding force between buildings. Adjacent buildings having different overall height are modelled in SAP 2000 v 15 using gap element for pounding study. The seismic responses in terms of joint displacement, joint acceleration, pounding force are presented. Joint displacement and joint acceleration comparison for both pounding and no pounding cases are presented.
Gap calculation from NBC and IS code, ABS and SRSS method was compared with gap required to avoid pounding force between adjacent structures and appropriate gap was recommended.
Most stone-masonry structures were built at a time when seismic risk was not considered in their design. Recent moderate to strong earthquakes have confirmed the vulnerability of heritage buildings, especially those constructed with unreinforced-masonry materials in various developing countries, worldwide. Proper assessment of the seismic performance and of the potential deficiency of existing heritage structures forms the basis for determining the degree of intervention needed to preserve their heritage values. Analysis of masonry wall confined by wooden band has been carried out using various structural analysis programs. In analysis appropriately considered and introduced link element such as hook, gap and spring at connecting nodes of vertical and horizontal timber elements. The result shows that the traditional floors and spandrels of the existing structure are the vulnerable parts which need strengthening of them to assure the structural members are able to resist seismic vulnerability. The required improvement and strengthening technique in existing building are proposed and better results are marked. The analysis of the modified structure shows considerably improvement in the dynamic characteristics of the buildings and overall structural response of those.
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