Objective/introductionIt is known that knowledge, awareness, and practice influence diabetic control. We compared factors pertaining to healthy lifestyle (exercising, avoiding smoking), self-help (attending appointments, following treatment regimens), and diabetic awareness in high-risk patients for diabetic complications, specifically, those on insulin versus non-insulin treatment, and also those with a longer diabetic duration (≥5 years) versus a shorter duration.Methods200 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes (52.0±11.6 years) attending diabetic clinic at a referral hospital in Nepal were recruited. A structured questionnaire explored non-clinical parameters including age, gender, diabetic duration, awareness about diabetes control, self-help, and lifestyle. Clinical data were also measured: HbA1c, fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood pressure, and treatment type (insulin, diet/tablet).ResultsA significantly higher proportion of patients on insulin (vs non-insulin) or with diabetic duration ≥5 years (vs <5 years) self-reported not doing regular exercise, forgetting to take medicine, and not knowing whether their diabetes was controlled (p≤0.005). HbA1c/FBS levels were significantly higher for patients on insulin or with a longer diabetic duration (p≤0.001). 92% of those on insulin (vs 31% on non-insulin) and 91% with diabetic duration ≥5 years (vs 28% of <5 years) self-reported to seeking medical help due to episodes of uncontrolled blood sugar in the last year (p<0.001).ConclusionPoor self-help/lifestyle and reduced knowledge/awareness about diabetic control was found in patients on insulin or with longer diabetic duration. This is a worrying finding as these patients are already at high risk for developing diabetic complications. The findings highlight need for targeting this more vulnerable group and provide more support/diabetic educational tools.

Introduction: There are not many studies of pediatric trauma in Nepal. Therefore, this study was conducted to find out the visual outcome of pediatric traumatic cataract and causes of poor visual acuity. Materials and Methods: In this hospital based prospective study, all children visiting the pediatric department of Lumbini Eye Institute and Research Center with traumatic cataract and visual outcome after surgery from July 2018 to August 2019 were evaluated. A total of 136 children ranging from age (0 months to 15 years) with traumatic cataract were included in the study. Data on age of presentation, sex and diagnosis were collected from clinical charts and analyzed. Results: The study enrolled 136 cases with traumatic cataract. 72.1% male and 27.9% female patients were involved with the average age being 9.46 years (SD 2.95). Final visual acuity was better than 20/60 in 73 percent of the children. Visual acuity was poor in 27 percent of children. In children with poor visual acuity 44 percent of the patients had corneal opacity, 23 percent had retinal detachment and 18 percent had vitreous opacification secondary to trauma. Closed globe injury was seen in 72 percent of children and 28 percent had open globe injury. Conclusion: Male children were more prone to traumatic cataract than female children. Open globe injury with corneal laceration and opacity was the major cause of decreased visual acuity.

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Background: Pediatric ocular trauma is a significant cause of morbidity. It is estimated that there are up to 280,000 hospital admissions worldwide due to ocular trauma in children <16 years of age each year. This study was aimed to describe the spectrum of ocular trauma in children who previously visited the Pediatric Department of the Ram Kumar Mahabir prasad Kedia Eye Hospital. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on cases coming to Pediatric Department of the Ram Kumar Mahabir prasad Kedia Eye Hospital from five years. All cases of children <15years who previously underwent evaluation and/or treatment because of ocular trauma were analyzed. Demographic and descriptive ophthalmologic data were taken out of patient records of Ram Kumar Mahabir Prasad Kedia Eye Hospital. All data were tabulated using Microsoft Excel version 7 sheets and analyzed. Results: In this study, among 55,159 children who attended Pediatric Outpatient department of Ram Kumar Mahabir Prasad Kedia Eye Hospital 3,048 had ocular injury. There were 64.7% boys and 35.2% girls. Close globe injury was seen in 84.35% and open globe injury in 15.64 %. Children aged 7-15 years were involved in 60.8% while 39.2% children were of age 6 years or less. Conclusions: Ocular injuries seems to be serious in Terai region. Children of all age group are prone to ocular injuries. Though open globe injury is less than close globe injury in this study, open globe injury is more sight threatening.

The Objective of the study is to know and record the effect of lockdown in the outpatient and emergency services of pediatric ophthalmology department of Kedia Eye Hospital. Method: Comparison of the children attending the Pediatric Eye Department of Kedia Eye Hospital during and before lockdown.