Thus, preoperative aspirin is associated with increased bleeding complications and offers no additional benefit in early vein graft patency compared with starting aspirin therapy 6 hours after operation. There was a trend, although not significant, toward improved early patency for Y grafts and internal mammary artery grafts with preoperative aspirin.

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To accomplish our objective of broadening the number of regenerable cotton lines, we developed a protocol capable of producing plants through somatic embryogenesis of diverse cotton species. Callus was initiated from hypocotyl and cotyledon explants on a callus initiation medium [CIM; modified MS with 1 mg L−1 kinetin and 2 mg L−1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)]. Friable embryogenic callus was periodically selected and transferred onto callus selection/maintenance medium (CS/MM) [modified MS with 0.1 mg L−1 kinetin and 0.5 mg L−1 NAA]. The selected callus was then transferred into a liquid embryo initiation medium (EIM) (modified MS medium in which NH4NO3 was removed and KNO3 amount doubled) followed by transfer to solid embryo maturation media EMMS2 (0.5 mg L−1 NAA + 0.05 mg L−1 kinetin). The liquid step not only decreased the culturing time but also increased the number of embryos per gram of cultured tissue. Germinating somatic embryos were placed on MS medium with no hormones and plantlets were acclimatized before transfer to the greenhouse. Significant numbers of somatic embryos and their derived plantlets were obtained from a commercial cultivar of G. hirsutum, Deltapine 90 and G. barbadense accession GB‐35B126 (PI‐528306). The mean embryos per gram for Deltapine 90 on EMMS2 were higher than those previously reported for Coker 312. Highly significant differences were found between the two genotypes for both embryo and plant production. To our knowledge, this is the first report of regeneration of G. barbadense through somatic embryogenesis.

RNA interference (RNAi), is a powerful new technology in the discovery of genetic sequence functions, and has become a valuable tool for functional genomics of cotton (Gossypium sp.). The rapid adoption of RNAi has replaced previous antisense technology. RNAi has aided in the discovery of function and biological roles of many key cotton genes involved in fiber development, fertility and somatic embryogenesis, resistance to important biotic and abiotic stresses, and oil and seed quality improvements as well as the key agronomic traits including yield and maturity. Here, we have comparatively reviewed seminal research efforts in previously used antisense approaches and currently applied breakthrough RNAi studies in cotton, analyzing developed RNAi methodologies, achievements, limitations, and future needs in functional characterizations of cotton genes. We also highlighted needed efforts in the development of RNAi-based cotton cultivars, and their safety and risk assessment, small and large-scale field trials, and commercialization.

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Various leaf sections of Gasteria verrucosa Haw. and Haworthia fasciata Haw. were cultured on media to examine the effect of picloram (4-amino 3, 5, 6-trichloropicolinic acid) and 2, 4-D (2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) on somatic embryogenesis. Picloram (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0mg1-1 ) outperformed 2,4-D (0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0mg1-1 ) as the auxin source of both earliness of callus and embryo induction and final yield of embryos produced at both kinetin levels examined (0.25, 1.0mgl -~ ). Embryos arose initially as a yellow, compact globular masses from the area just beneath the epidermis in linear pattern parallel with the main axis of the leaf and then developed a heartshaped appearance. Embryo formation was preceded by growth of callus almost crystalline in appearance on the cut surface. Subsequent shoot formation developed from green pigmented loci in crystalline callus derived from embryos. Shoot and root development in Gasteria was induced on a defined medium containing quarter strength MS or B5 salts with no hormonal supplementation.

The goal of this article is to develop a deterministic inventory model for single deteriorating items with two separate storage facilities (owned and rented warehouse, RW) due to limited capacity of the existing storage (owned warehouse, OW). The demand rate of the item is dependent on time, selling price of an item, and the frequency of advertisement in the popular electronic and print media and also through the sales representatives. The stocks of RW are transported to OW in continuous release pattern. Shortages, if any, are allowed and partially backlogged with a variable rate dependent on the duration of waiting time up to the arrival of next lot. The storage capacities of the warehouses are assumed to be limited (finite). According to the relative size of the storage capacities of warehouses, the different scenarios with subscenario have been mentioned for the stock level at initial and reorder points of the proposed inventory system. For each sub-scenario, the corresponding problem has been formulated as mixed integer nonlinear constrained optimization problem. For solving this problem, we have used GRG method. To illustrate the proposed model, a numerical example has been considered and solved. Finally, to perform the sensitivity analyses, the effects of changes of demand, deterioration, and backlogging parameters on the initial stock level, reorder point, cycle length, and frequency of advertisement along with the maximum profit of the system have been studied.

No abstract