Renewable energy has emerged as a key to attain higher economic growth without any detrimental impact on the environment. Therefore, the entire world is in the transition phase from non-renewables to renewables. To improve the levels of production of renewable energy, it is inevitable to discern its determinants. Hence, this study aims to probe the impact of monetary, fiscal, and trade policy uncertainty on renewable energy production in the United States. To this end, the novel smooth and sharp structural breaks unit root test is used to scrutinize the order of integration. Next, we also apply the novel augmented autoregressive distributed lag methodology for discerning cointegration. The findings note that, in the long- and short-run, monetary policy uncertainty plunges the production of renewable energy, whereas fiscal policy uncertainty upsurges it. Further, trade policy uncertainty does not affect renewable energy production. Based on these results, we propose policy suggestions that could expedite the transition to renewables.

This study investigates granger causal linkages among six Asian emerging stock markets and the US market over the period 2002–2020, taking into account several crisis periods. The pairwise Granger causality tests for investigating the short-run causality show significant bi- and uni-directional causal relationships in those markets and evidence that they have become more internationally integrated after every crisis period. An exception is Bangladesh with almost no significant short-term causal linkages with other markets. For understanding, how the financial linkages amplify volatility spillover effects, we apply the GARCH-M model and find that volatility and return spillovers act very inversely over time. However, market interface is weak before the crisis periods and becomes very strong during the financial crisis and US-China economic policy uncertainty periods. The US market plays a dominant role during the financial crisis and COVID-19 periods. Further analysis using the VAR model shows that a large proportion of the forecast variance of the Asian emerging stock markets is affected by the S&P 500 and that market shock starts to rise notably from the 1 to 10 period. The overall findings could provide important policy implications in the six countries under study regarding hedging, trading strategies, and financial market regulation.

No abstract

No abstract

The schooling of tertiary level is a source of culture for any nation and this issue has always been a major public concern. The success of this level depends on various issues that can influence the students to gather knowledge. Among them, class participation is vital for understanding the course contents. The education system of Bangladesh is almost sound and well-organized in all levels including tertiary stage. Even so sometimes, students are unwilling to attend in the classroom for a number of reasons. In this study, we measured how previous absence of a student impact on their further absence. Markov Chain is a mathematical tool that identified the chance of previous absence effect on the recent absent. In another methods, logistic regression showed the dependency of today’s absence on previous absence. In this work, we got, the previous day absence influenced the student to continue his/her absent on the current day. Therefore, students’ continuous class participation is important and any sorts of discontinuity makes a barrier to participate in the next class