The period length of the activity rhythm of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae is increased by LiCl solution of 100 mol m-3 offered as drinking water by about 1%.
Infant crying was investigated in playback experiments by presenting cry sequences (duration up to 3.5 minutes) to adult subjects, who rated the sequences (1) simultaneously with the presentation, by giving optional numbers of discrete responses which were recorded on-line ("DOL-response"), and (2) subsequently to the playback, by completing questionnaires (post-hoc judgement). The DOL-responses, summarized for about 55 subjects, were distributed over the whole sequences forming distinct accumulations at various positions. The distribution profiles differed between individual sequences (Figure 1) but were significant for each of them ( Figure 2). The comparison of the two sampling methods gave evidence that the post-hoc judgements referred mainly to the last 25 seconds instead of covering the whole sequence ( Figure 3, Table 1). DOL-responses were found to be a useful tool to quantify the judgement of cry features at any position of a sequence. It can be concluded (a) that different sequential units of a crying process affect the listener differently and (b) that accumulations of DOL-responses may indicate sequential units of communicative relevance between infant and caregiver.
ABSTRACT. Male‐calling and female‐walking in Teleogryllus commodus (Walker) is mainly performed during the night (in LD 12:12 at constant temperature). Cold nights of 1–7°C switched both activities from night to daytime. After cold exposure it took several transient cycles until the original phase angle difference to lights‐out was re‐established. The involvement of a circadian clock in these processes was revealed by observing the free‐running rhythm in constant light after a cold night. The rhythm was delayed, evidently due to the resetting of the biological clock by the cold exposure. This temporal alteration of premating behaviour in males and females is discussed in relation to intraspecific consequences, its adaptive value in natural conditions, and with respect to the potential parallel effects in parasites and predators.
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