This paper studies the determinants of international migration and remittances in the Baltic States (represented hereinafter by Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia). The research reveals a critical view on migrant remittances in terms of macroeconomic development and social conditions in the society of each country involved into our research. In order to investigate and to demonstrate the impact of migrant remittances on GDP and consumption compared with current account balance, minimal wages, and foreign direct investment in the Baltic countries, econometric modeling based on the data of Eurostat, World Bank, and the National banks of the Baltic States has been employed. The results of this research clearly demonstrate that remittances sent by the migrants have high and positive impact on economic development in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. Moreover, the findings stemming from this study confirm that minimum wages in the Latvia and Lithuania are far more important determinants of economic development than remittances.
University-industry partnerships are proliferating in the United States, as public funding for high-level research continues to decline yet knowledge plays an increasingly important role in industrial processes. The horticulture industry benefits from such arrangements by influencing research directions and gaining access to innovations and complementary research in agri-cultural biotechnology. Given the nature of this industry, the obstacles to developing effective partnerships are substantial. Private horticulture institutions should form consortia of both small-and medium-sized firms, and they should understand the need for faculty and academic freedom. More enterprising members of a consortium can capitalize on the research contacts and pursue firmspecific, applied-research partnerships. Potential drawbacks are the exclusion of smaller firms and inequitable benefits-sharing within the consortia.
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