Communication takes place not only through speech, but also through gestures such as facial expressions, gaze, head movements, hand movements and body posture. Although developing rapidly, current communication platforms do not facilitate the types of behaviour we believe are needed to fully support non-verbal communication and make interactions more engaging and efficient. In this paper, we decided to focus our research specifically on the head rather than any other body part as it is a rich source of information for speech-related movement. Thus we aim in this study to investigate the value of incorporating head movements into the use of telepresence robots as communication platforms; by means of investigating a system that manually reproduces head movement as closely as possible. The essential quantitative results revealed no significant differences on any of the measures we used. However, the qualitative information from the experiment indicates of further research will be useful in this area. These findings suggest that an enclose body language are required for a realtime communication beside the head nodding.
This article outlines some of the recent telepresence and teleoperation work being carried out in the Transparent Telepresence Research Group at the University of Strathclyde. Teleoperation work involving remotely operated vehicles, remote sensor platforms, and remote manipulators is described. The implementation of head slaved monoscopic and stereoscopic camera platforms, binaural microphone and pinnae systems, and image and audio processing with integrated virtual reality is discussed. The most recent medium for long distance communication used by the group has been, uniquely, cellular mobile phone technology. The implications of using this very low bit-rate communication method are discussed
PART I INTRODUCTION 1 Essential manufacturing 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Wealth and prosperity 1.3 Manufacturing industry 1.4 Manufacturing as a stimulant Review Questions Further Reading 2 Manufacturing history 2.1 Man the toolmaker 2.2 The New Stone Age 2.3 The Bronze Age 2.4 The Iron Age 2.5 The Industrial Revolution 2.6 The 20th century Review Questions Further Reading PART II ORGANISATION, MATERIALS, AND DESIGN 3 Manufacturing organisation 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The manufacturing system 3.3 Integrating the effort 3.4 The formal organisation 3.5 Types of manufacture 3.6 Types of manufacturing equipment Review Questions Further Reading xi xvii xix 7 VI Contents 4 Manufacturing materials 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The structure of metals 4.3 Plastics 4.4 Ceramics 4.5 Composites 4.6 Properties and testing of materials Review Questions
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