Several tetra- and octaglycosylated PcZn 's 1a, 2a–2d, 3a-b and 4 were investigated for their aggregation behavior using different concentrations of the PcZn -species in pure DMSO, water and in various DMSO/water mixtures by comparing their UV-vis spectra. The PcZn 's 1–4 are independent of the concentration in pure DMSO and in up to 25 vol.% water/DMSO mixtures are non aggregated. Increasing amounts of water leads to higher aggregation ratios. The aggregation behavior is influenced by the nature and the position of the sugar substituents on the Pc-ring. PcZn 4 was found the least aggregated compound even in pure water.
Excellent photophysical and photochemical properties completed by magnificent takeup rates in malignant tissues attracted a great deal of interest to the application of glycosylated and glycoconjugated phthalocyanines in photodynamic therapy. In this study we describe the concise synthesis and full characterization of 16 differently 3,6-bisglycoconjugated phthalonitriles 3, 5, 6, 8, and 48-59, which are precursors for a new generation of photosensitizers, namely, nonperipheral glycoconjugated phthalocyanines. The first example for the synthesis of a nonperipheral glycoconjugated zinc phthalocyanine 60 from phthalonitrile 48 is also presented in this work.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.